abalienato transfer of property, alienation abavus great-great-grandfather abbas abbatis father, abbot abbatia abbey, monastery abdico to renounce, reject, abdicate, disapprove of abdo put away, remove, hide, conceal abdomen belly, gluttony abduco to lead, take away, detach, withdraw abeo to go away, retire, depart from life, die abeo to digress, change, vanish, disappear abeo to pass, to have been aberro to wander, deviate, escape abhinc ago, back from now abicio to thrown down, dispense with, get rid of abiego to send away, send off abigo to drive off, drive away, rustle cattle, steal abiungo to unharnass, separate, detach abiuro to deny by oath abluo to wash clean abnego to deny, refuse abnepos great-great-grandson abnocto to spend the night out, to stay away all night aboleo to destroy, abolish, annul, do away with abolesco to die, perish, vanish aborior to set (as in "the sun sets") abortio miscarriage abortivus one prematurely born abrogo to repeal, annul, remove, take away abrumpo to break off, sever, remove, dissociate abruptio separation, divorce abscido to cut off, to separate, take away absconditus hidden, concealed abscondo to hide, conceal, secrete absens absent, missing, away, gone absentis absent, missing, away, gone absisto to go away, desist absit god forbid absorbeo to swallow, gulp down, carry away, engross absque (+ ablative) without, except abstergo to wipe off, clean away abstulo to take away, withdraw absum to be absent, to be away, to be missing abundans abundant, overflowing, abounding in abundantia abundance, bounty, plenty abutor to use abusive language abutor to make full use of, to abuse accedo to approach, come near accelero to quicken, hasten, speed, accelerate accendo to kindle, illuminate, inflame acceptius suitable for receiving acceptus welcome, pleasant, agreeable accido to fall down, to happen, occur, to hack, to ruin accipio to consider oneself indebted, receive, learn accipio receive, accept accommodo to adjust, adapt, accommodate oneself accusator accusor, plaintiff accuso to accuse, blame, find fault with acer sharp, keen, eager, severe, fierce acerbitas harshness, bitterness acerbus bitter, gloomy, dark acervus a heap, mass acidus sharp, sour acies keeness, edge, sharpness, battle-line acquiro to acquire, gain, get, obtain adamo to fall in love with, find pleasure in adapto adapt, adjust, make ready, or fit adaugeo to make greater, add, increase addo to give, bring, place, inspire, cause, add, join adduco to lead, induce, persuade ademptio a taking away adeo to approach, visit, come to, undertake adeo to such a point, such an extent, so far, so long adeptio attainment, obtaining, achievement adepto to obtain, get, acquire adfectus affectus influenced, worked upon adfero affero to cause, bring about, contribute adficio to affect, afflict, weaken, sap, exhaust, drain adflicto affligo to injure, weaken, discourage, damage, break adhaero to hang to, stick to, adhere adhuc till then, till now, still, even now, besides adicio to direct, address, apply, to throw to adimpleo to fulfill, perform adipiscor to come up to, overtake, obtain adiuvo to help, aid, assist adjicio to add, to turn towards, move towards, suggest adjungo to join connect administratio giving of help, administration, government admiratio wonder, astonishment, surprise, admiration admiror to wonder at, admire, marvel at admitto to admit, receive admoneo admonish, advise admonitio warning, reminder admoveo to move to, bring up, apply adnuo to nod assent adopto to wish for oneself, adopt, select, pick out adservio to aid, help, assist adsidue assidue continuously, without remission adstringo to draw together, tighten, compress, compact adstringo bind (persons), oblige adsuesco assuesco to grow accustomed to, used to, make familiar adsuetudo custom, habit adsum to assist, be present, be near, be in attendance adsumo (assumo) to take to oneself, claim, appropriate, call aduentus arrival adulatio fawning, flattery, sycophancy, buttering up adulescens young man, youth, lad adulescentia youth adultus (adj.) grown up, mature, adult, of age aduro (adustum) to set fire to, burn, singe, kindle, light advenio to come, arrive, reach adversor to oppose, resist, fight back adversus (prep. + acc.) toward, against, facing adverto to turn towards, direct one's attention to advoco to summon, call, call in an advisor aedificium building, structure aeger eger sick, ill aegre egre (adv.) hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, laboriously aegresco egresco to fall ill, become troubled, grow worse aegretudo egretudo sickness, mental illness aegrotatio egrotatio sickness, illness aegrus ill, diseased, unwell aeneus made of copper or bronze, brazen aequitas justice, fairness, equity aequus level, even, calm, equal, favorable, just aer air, atmosphere, ether, weather aeris air, atmosphere, ether, weather aestas estas summer aestivus estivus pertaining to summer aestus estus heat, tide aetas an age, stage, period of life, time, era aeternus eternus eternal, everlasting, without end affero to bring, give, impart, turn over ager land, countryside, fields ager (agri) farm, field, acre aggero to make a mound, heap up, increase aggredior to go to, approach, address, attack agito to put in motion, move, rouse agnitio recognition, knowledge agnosco to recognize, understand, perceive agnosco acknowledge agnosco to know again, recognize, report, understand ago (egi actum ) to spend time, live / manage, drive, lead ait he says aiunt they say alibi else where, in other respects alienus somebody else's, foreign, alien, strange alii ... alii some ... others alioqui otherwise alioquin otherwise, in some respects /in general aliqua some aliquando at any time, sometimes, occasionally, at last aliquanta moderate, or some size aliquanto somewhat, considerably aliquantum a good deal aliquantus of some size, moderate aliqui some aliquid someone, somebody, something aliquis someone, anyone, anything, in any respect aliquo in some direction aliquot some, several aliquotiens some times aliquoties several times alius other, another, someone else, something else allatus (=adfero) having been brought allec herrings alo (alui altum) nourish, cherish, support, sustain, maintain alquod some alter otherwise alter altera alterum the second, the other one alter ... alter the one ... the other altus high, deep alumno nurseling, student, disciple alveus hollow, basket, bed (of a river) amaritudo bitterness ambitus border, edge, extent /going around, circuit ambulo to walk amicitia friendship amiculum cloak, cape amicus friend, comrade amissio loss amita father's sister, paternal aunt amitto to dismiss, send away, lose, let slip away amo to love, like, be fond of, cherish amoena pleasant [of a place] amoenitas pleasantness [of a place] amor love, affection, infatuation, passion amotio removal amoveo to move away, remove, take out, shift amplector to embrace, surround amplexus an embracing, surrounding, loving embrace amplio to enlarge, increase, improve amplitudo size, breadth, dignity, grandeur, greatness amplus large, spacious, ample /great important ancilla maidservant andron corridor, aisle anethum dill, anise angelus angel angulus corner, niche angustus narrow, limited, strait, tight, constricted animadverto to turn the mind to, take notice of, see animi at heart animosus courageous, ardent, passionate, furious animus character, intellect, memory, consciousness animus courage, vivacity, bravery, will, spirit, soul annona yearly produce annullo to obliterate, destroy, annihilate annuo to nod, consent, give assent to /approve, favor annuo to allow, grant, promise /designate annus year ansa a handle anser goose ante before antea before, previously, formerly antepono put before, prefer, favor, promote antequam before (in time) antiquus ancient, old, hoary aperio to uncover, lay bare, reveal, make clear aperito an opening aperte openly, frankly apertio an opening apparatus equipment, gear, machinery/ splendor appareo to become visible, appear, manifest appello to land appello to call, name, summon appono to appoint a person, to add something appono to place near, put to, serve, put on the table appositus placed near, approaching, appropriate approbo to approve appropinquo to near, drawn near, come close apto to fit, approve aptus fitted, connected, fastened /prepared aptus suitable, appropriate, fitting apud among, in the presence of, at aqua water aquila eagle aquilo the north wind aquilus dark colored, swarthy ara altar /refuge, protection aranea spider's web arator plowman, cultivator aratrum plow arbitro arbitror to witness, bear witness / judge, arbitrate arbor tree arbustum a vineyard planted with trees arbustus planted with trees arca archa chest, box, money box, coffin, cell arceo to shut up, enclose arcesso; accerso to bring, fetch, summon, call for arcus bow (BOW and arrows), arch, bend, arc argentum silver, money argumentum proof, evidence arguo to show, make clear, attempt to show /censure arguo to blame, accuse /prove, expose, convict /declare arista the point of the ear arma arms, weapons armarium cupboard, chest, safe (for food, clothing armiger arms-bearer armo to provide arms, arm, equip, fit out aro to plow ars; artis skill method, technique, conduct, character articulus a moment, crisis artificiose skillfuly artificiosus skillful, accomplished, skillfuly made arto to press together, reduce, abrdiged arx citadel, stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon ascia carpenter's axe, mason's trowel ascio to take up, adopt as one's own ascisco to receive, admit/ adopt / take up, approve asper rough, harsh, severe asperitas roughness, severity/ harshness, fierceness aspernatio contempt aspicio to look at, behold, gaze at, see asporto to carry off, take away assentator flatterer, sycophant, yes-man asser a stake, pole assero claim, defend assimilares similar assimulo simulate, immatate, represent assuesco to accustom assus dried, roasted, grilled astrum star, constellation astus cunning atavus great-great-great grandfather, ancestor ater atra atrum dark, gloomy atqui and yet, still atrocitas hashness, cruelty, frightfulness, barbarity atrox terrible, cruel, horror attentus attentive, careful of one's property attero to weaken, ruin, rub against, rub away, erode attero destroy, waste, weaken, impair attollo to raise, lifet up, elevate/ excite, exalt attonbitus frantic, inspired, thunder-struck, stunned auarca leather sandal worn by pyrenean peasants auctor author, originator auctorita authority, power auctoritas authority auctus growth, enlargement, increase audacter; audaciter boldly, proudly, fearlessly audax bold audentia boldness, courage audeo to dare. (part. ausus ) audio to hear, hearken, listen to auditor hearer, listener aufero to carry away, remove /steal, carry off augeo increase, enlarge augeo to increase, strengthen aureus golden auris ear aurum gold austerus strict, rigid, stern aut...aut either...or autem moreover, however, but, also autem but, on the other hand, however, moreover autus increase, enlargement, growth auxilium aid, help, assistance, support avaritia avarice, greed avarus greedy, avaricious aveho to carry away, remove averto to turn away, avert, avoid. turn back avoco to call away, divert baiulus porter, pall-bearer balaena whale balanus acorn, chestnut, date balatro fool, buffoon, jester balbus stammering, stuttering, fumbling balbutio to stutter, stammer /speak obscurely balineum balneum bath, bathhouse, bathing-place balnearius pertaining to the bathhouse /bathhouse balneator keeper of a bathhouse balo to bleat balsamam balsam tree /balsam gum barathrum pit, abyss /the underworld barba beard, whiskers bardus stupid, slow, dull basium kiss beatus blessed, fortunate, sometimes "saint" bellicus martial, military, war-like bellum war bellus beautiful, pretty, charming, handsome bene well beneficium benefit, favor, service, privilege, right benevolentia benevolence, kindness, good will benigne kindly, generously bestia animal, beast bibo to drink, quaff bis twice blandior to flatter, caress blanditia blandishments, attractions, allurement, charm bonus good (melior : better / optimus : best ) bos (bovis ) cow, ox. bull brevis short, small, brief brevitas shortness, brevity breviter briefly cado to fall, drop, plummet, topple caecus blind, sightless caedo to fall, kill caelestis heavenly, celestial / noun, a god caelum sky, heaven caetera the rest, that remaining calamitas calamity, misfortune, disaster calamus anything made or reed -- pen, arrow, pipe, etc calcar spur calco to tread, trample upon calculus pebble, stone caligo to make dizzy calix a vessel for drinking callide skilfully, cleverly / cunningly, slyly, subtly callidus clever, dextrous, experienced, skilful / cunning caltha marigold calumnior to accuse falsely calvus bald calx the heel /stone, pebble /lime /goal, aim camera vault, vaulted room /small boat caminus a forge, large hearth campana bell campus level place, field, plain camur curved, bent, hooked canalis channel, canal /pipe candela taper, candle candeo to shine, glow, grow brilliant, sparkle candide openly, clearly, candidly candidus bright, shining, white canis dog canities grey hair /old age canonicus canonical, according to the canons, legal, lawful canonus canon, member of a cathedral chapter or canonry canto to sing capillus hair capio to rent, hire /seize, arrest capio to seize, take, choose/ attack capistro to halter, put a halter on a horse capistrum halter, harness, mazzle capitagium poll tax capitale cattle, possessions, chattels capitulus chapter, chapter meeting, chapter house captivas captivity capto to grab, try to get, grab at capulatio decapitation caput head /top, summit /chief caput ieiunius Ash Wednesday carbo carbon, coal, charcoal carcer prison, cell, jail, dungeon careo be without, be deprived of, lack caries rottennes, corruption, decay cariosus rotten, decayed caritas dearness, affection / charity carmen song, poem carpo to pluck, seize, grab, lay hold of, hold on to carus dear, beloved /costly, high-priced, expensive casso to bring to naught, destroy, annul, make void caste purely, spotlessly, purely, uprightly, chastely casus downfall casus a falling /occasion, opportunity /event, accident casus accident, chance, fortune catena chain, fetters caterva crowd, troop, flock catervatim in troops, in masses cattus cat cauda the tail of an animal causa on account of, for the sake of causa case at law, case, law-suit /situation causa cause /reason, motive, pretext /interest caute cautiously, with security cautela caution, precaution, security cautus careful, cautious /[things] secure caveo beware, avoid caveo provide for cavus hole, pit cedo to go, proceed /turn out, happen/go away cedo give ground to, submit to cedo cessi cessum to grant, yield celebratio large crowd, audience, assembly celebrer renowned, well known, popular, famous celebritas crowd, multitude /celebration /fame, renown celebrus abounding in, rich in, much frequented celer quick, swift, rapid, speedy, fast celeritas speed, swiftness, rapidity, quickness celeriter rapidly, quickly, swiftly, speedily cella room, store-room, garret celo to hide, conceal, keep secret celox fast, rapid, swift, fleet celsus elevated, lofty /arrogant, proud, haughty cena dinner, meal cenaculum garret, attic ceno to dine censeo estimate, assess, evaluate censura judgement census wealth, property /census centum one hundred cerno to separate, sift, distinguish /decide, resolve cernuus faling headlong certamen contest, contention, rivalry of any kind certe certainly, assuredly certo to contend, settle, dispute, to settle by combat certus undoubted, certain, sure, settled, resolved cervus stag. deer cesso to leave off, cease /linger, delay cetera for the rest, otherwise ceteri the remaining, the rest, the others ceterum otherwise, moreover, but ceterus the other, the rest charisma gift, present chirographum autograph cibo food for animals cibus food for men and animals cicuta hemlock ciminatio accusation, calumny, charge ciminosus reproachful, slanderous cinis cineris ashes, embers circumvenio to beset, assail circumvenio to come around, surround, cheat, defraud citara a harp citatio summons, call citatus summons, citation citatus quick, speedy citivolus swiftly flying cito quickly, rapidly, speedily cito to be moved, aroused civilis civil, civic civis citizen, townsman, bourgeois, burgess civitas state, citzenship, city-state clam secretly, in secret clamo to call, shout, cry aloud, proclaim, declare clamor loud shouting, cry claro to make bright or clear, make clear in the mind clarus clear, bright /renowned, famous, illustrious claudeo to limp, halt, be lame, to hobble claudo (clausus) to confine, shut up, close, blockade, besiege claudus lame claustrum bolt, bar, prison, den, pen, enclosure/ cloister clementia indulgence, forbearance, humanity, mercy clibanus oven, furnace/ tray for bread making coacto to force, compel, coerce coactu by force, under compulsion coactum force, compulsion, coercement coadunatio a gathering together, a summing up, a uniting coaegresco to become sick at the same time coepi began, started, undertook coepto to begin, undertake coerceo surround, enclose, restrain, confine cogito to think, ruminate, ponder, consider, plan cognatus related by blood (noun) a relative cognomen surname, family name, nick-name cognosco to examine, inquire, learn cogo to bring together, drive, draw cogo to compel, restrict, confine /force, compel cohaereo to cling to, correspond to cohaero cohero cohesi cohesum to adhere, stick together cohibeo confine, restrain, hold back, repress cohors a yard, enclosure /troop cohortor to encourage, incite, exhort colligo legi, lectum, to collect, gather together colloco to place, put, arrange collum neck colo colui cultum cultivate, cherish color color coloratus colored /dark-complexioned coloro to color coma hair of the head, leaves, rays of light combibo to drink up, suck in comburo to burn up, to ruin, consume comedo comedi comesum to eat up, consume /waste, squander comes comitis companion, friend, comrade /count cometes comet cometissa comitissa countess comis courteous, kind, friendly comitatus accompanied comitatus train, retinue, following /war band comiter courteously, in a kindly, friendly manner comito to accompany comitto to entrust, commit commemoro to remind, relate, mention/ to keep in mind commeo To go up and down, back and forth, in and out commessatio; onis eating together comminor to threaten comminuo to scatter, weaken, damage comminus hand to hand, in close combat commisceo to intermingle, join, mix commissum undertaking, that which is entrusted commodo to furnish, lend, give commodo to make fit, adapt, please, oblige, serve commodum convenience, advantage, opportunity, comfort commodum suitable time, opportunity, convenience, use commodus proper, fit, commodius commoneo to impress upon one. to remind commoneo to remind someone forcibly of somthing commoneo to remember, recollect commoror remain, stay, abide, linger commoveo to move violently, disturb, shake /excite, upset communis common, general, run of the mill comparo to compare compater the godfather of a man's child compatior to suffer with one, feel pity, have compassion compello to drive together, collect, force, compel comperio to disclose fully, find out with certainty comperio to learn, find out comperte on good authority compescor to fasten together, hold in check, restrain, curb compescor to suppress, repress, check, restrain competo to be appropriate, suitable, fit complectus embrace, grasp compleo to fill up, man, bring up to strength, fulfil compleo to finish complexo encompass, embrace complico to fold together compono to put together, compose compositio composition, agreement, pact/ arrangement compositus orderly, matching, made up of pieces comprehendo to grasp, take together, unite /comprehend comprehendo to seize, arrest, take prisoner comprehendo to embrace, take firmly, include, seize comprobo to approve fully/ to confirm, prove, establish compromitto to agree to refer to arbitration comprovincialis born in the same province comptus a head-dress, a hairband conatus exertion, effort / undertaking / impulse concavo to hollow out concedo to concede, yield, allow, grant, withdraw concepta measures, capacity concero connect join, twine, join in conflict concido to fall down, sink, perish / (wind) subside concido to be ruined, fail /cut up, cut down, destroy concilio to assemble, bring together /win over, reconcile concilium council concipio to take or lay hold of, receive, take in concisus cut up, broken, brief, concise concito to move violently, stir up, excite, arouse conculco to tread under foot, despise, oppress, suppress concupiscentia avarice, covetousness concupisco to covet, aim at, desire eagerly concurro to concur concutio to shake together, agitate, alarm, disturb condico to agree, fix, settle, make arrangements condo erect, establish, build conduco hire, employ for wages confero discuss, debate, confer/ betake oneself, devote confero to bring together, put together, collect/ confestim speedily, rapidly, immediately, without delay confido have confidence in, be confident of, rely upon confingo to fabricate, make up confirmo to confirm confiteor confessus to confess, own up, admit, acknowledge conforto to strengthen much confugo to flee, have recourse to, take refuge confundo to pour together, mix, blend /confound, confuse confusim in a confused way, fumbling confusio mingling, mixture /confounding, confusion confusus confused, disorderly /embarassed, troubled confuto to check, repress, stop, halt, turn back /silence confuto to confute /restrain, check, repress confuto supress, keep silent /convict congelo to congeal, harden, freeze congregatio assembly, society, union congrego to gather together, assemble, convene congressus a meeting, association congrue adv, suitably congruo coinside, agree, conform congruus agreeing, fit, suitable conicio to hurl, throw /put together, conjecture coniecto to throw together, infer, guess, conclude conitor to press upon, to struggle to reach coniuratio conspiracy, plot coniuratus conspirator, plotter coniuro to take an oath together, plot, conspire conor to undertake, try, venture, presume, attempt conqueror to complain loudly conscendo to ascend, mount, go up conscientia conscience, consciouness, knowledge conscindo to tear in pieces conscius conscious of, aware of conseco to dismember, cut into pieces, chop up consecro to dedicate, consecrate consectatio striving, pursuit consenesco to grow old, weak, feeble, infirm consensio agreement, harmony, cooperation /plot, conspiracy consentio to agree, consent /plot, conspire consequentia consequential, relating conservo to preserve, conserve, maintain, keep, hold to considero to look at, regard carefully consido to set down, settle consilio intentionally, on purpose, designedly consilium deliberation, consultation, assembly, council consilium advice, suggestion, wisdom, plan, purpose consimilis adj, similar consisto to be formed of, consist/ stop consisto to depend on, rely on consisto to take one's stand, stand still, stop consitor sower, planter consolatio encouragement, amelioration, consolation consonum harmonious conspergo to sprinkle, bestrew conspicio to catch sight of, perceive, behold, understand constans steady, firm, unchanging, constant, unwavering constanter steadily, firmly constituo to fix, station, place, cause to stand, set constituo to arrange, decide, appoint, settle, found constituo to set up, place, establish, post, station consto to be established, stand firm, stop, endure constrictio to bind together, draw together constupator ravisher, debaucher constupro to ravish, corrupt consuasor advisor, counselor consuefacio to accustom, acclimate, become used to consuesco to accustom, inure, habituate consueta customary, usual consuetudo custom, usage, habit /intimacy consulatio deliberation, inquiry, full consideration consulo to look to the interests of consulo look to the interests of/consult consulo to reflect, consider, ponder, reflect consulto to consider carefully, weigh, ponder consulto to ask the advice of, consult consultum decree consummatio completion, summing up, adding up consummo to add together, sum up, make perfect, complete consumo to spend, employ, use up, finish, waste away consuo consui consutum to sew together, stitch consurgo to stand up, rise up /to arise, break out contabesco to waste slowly away, decline in health contactus touching, contact /contagion contages a touch, contact contagio contagium contagion, infection /touching, contact contamino to pollute, infect contego to cover, shield, protect, defend contemno to think meanly of, despise, condemn, hate contemplatio survey, contemplation contemplor to mark out, regard, consider carefully, survey contemptim contemptuously contemptio scorn, disdain, contempt contemptus despised, despicable, contemptible contendo to compare, contrast /compete contendo to assert, maintain /shoot (a missile), cast contendo to contend, strive, struggle, hasten contente eagerly, earnestly contentus contented, satisfied contentus strained, stretched /eager, zealous contigo to happen, befall contineo to keep in, surround, contain, confine, include contineo hold together, keep together, connect, join contineo to touch, reach, grasp, affect, infect contineo to hold back, restrain contineo to hold, to keep togethere, to contian contingo to touch /(intransitive) to happen, befall, occur contingo to touch closely, happen to, befall continuo to join (together), to be after continuo immediately, at once continuus connected together, continuous, uninterrupted contra against contradico to speak against, oppose verbally, gainsay contradictio a speaking against, contradiction contradictio contradiction, opposition contrado to deliver together, or wholly contraho to gather together, assemble, draw up, unite contraho to conclude (an agreement)/ to reduce, contract contrarius contrary, opposed contrecto to touch, handle, feel contremisco to tremble, shake, quake /be afraid of contremo to tremble, shake contristo to sadden, afflict, damage (of crops) contristo to make sad or gloomy conturbo to confuse, scatter, throw into confusion conventus coming tohether, assembly, union, congress conversatio way, manner of life /monastic life converto to turn around converto to convert convinco to overcome, to demonstrate convoco to call together, convene copia abundamce, supply copiae copie supplies, troops, forces copiose fully, at length, copiously copiosus wealthy, rich, abundantly provided Corbeiam Corbie cornu horn corona crown, diadem corpus corporis body, corpse correptius more shortly corrigo o make correct, make right corripio to seize, snatch up, steal, attack (of a disease) corroboro to strengthen corrumpo to falsify / (character) to corrupt corrumpo to break up, destroy, annihilate /spoil, weaken corruo to fall to the ground, sink down /be ruined Corturiacum Courtrai coruscus flashing, twinkling, shaking, trembling cotidie daily, every day Courtacum Courtrai crapula wine-drinking, intoxication, drunkenness cras tomorrow, on the morrow crastinus of the morrow, the morrow creator creator, founder creatura creature, servant creber thick, frequent, numerous crebro repeatedly, often, one after the other credo to believe /trust, commit / trust in creo to create, make crepido foundation, base / pedestal / pier crepitaculum a rattle crepito to rattle, creak, rustle creptio taking by force, seizure crepundia a toy, rattle, plaything crepusculum dusk, twilight cresco to grow, increase, expand / spring forth creta chalk, fuller's earth cretatus chalked, in white cretosus abounding in chalk cribro to sift cribrum sieve crimen an accusation, charge / fault, guilt criminatio accusation, charge, calumny criminator accuser criminor to accuse / complain of criminose reproachfully criminosus slanderous, reproachful crinis hair crinitus long haired crispans wavy, curly crispo to curl / move rapidly / brandish, wave crispus curly-haired, curly / trembling, quivering crista crest, plume / rooster's comb cristatus crested, plumed croceus yellow, golden, saffron-colored, of saffron crocinus yellow, saffron-colored / saffron oil crocodilus crocodile crocotula saffron-colored robe crocus crocus, saffron / yellow, saffron-colored crotalia ear-rings cruciamentum torture, torment cruciatus torture, torment crucio to torture, torment crudelis cruel crudelitas cruelty, inhumanity crudeliter cruely crudesco to become violent, become hard cruditas an overly full stomach crudus green, fresh, immature crudus bleeding / raw cruento to make bloody, stain with blood cruentus bloody, bloodthirsty, blood-red crumens bag, purse / funds, store of cash cruor bloodshed, murder, slaughter, gore crur; cruris leg, shank, shin, also foot crusta rind, peel, bark, shell / inlay, embossing crustulum pastery, cookie crustum bread, cake crux crucis cross crypta vault, grotto, covered gallery crystallinus of crystal crystalus a crystal, crystal drinking cup cubans sloping cubicularis pertaining to a bedroom cubicularius bed-chamber servant, chamberlain cubiculum bedroom, sleeping chamber cubile bed, lair, den cubitalis a cubit long cubito to lie down often cubitum the elbow /a cubit cubitum ire to go to bed, retire cubitus a lying down, rest cubo to lie down, recline / be ill in bed cuiusmodi of what kind culpa fault, blame culpo to blame, censure, accuse cultellus a little knife cultor cultivator cultura cultivation cum when cum with cum when, as, while, since cunabula cradle cunae nest for young birds cunctatio delay cunctator delayer, procrastinator cunctor to delay, impede, hold up cunctus all, all collectively, the whole cupiditas ambition, avarice, party spirit, eager desire cupido passion, desire, wantining, yearning, longing cupio to desire, wish, long for, desire cuppedia delicacies, candies, sweetmeats cupressus cypress, cyrpess wood, a cypress-wood casket cur why, wherefore cura management, administration, care, concern curatio attention /medical attention, healing, curing curator guardian, overseer curia court curiositas curiosity, inquisitiveness, nosiness curiosus careful, attentive/ curious curis quris a spear curo to see to a thing being done / cure curo to care for, trouble about, pay attention to curo manage, administer /provide money curriculum a running, race, lap around the track, course currus cart /a plow with wheels cursim hastily, quickly, rapidly cursito to run up and down curso to run back and forth cursor runner, carrier, messenger cursus a race, a running, race course, race track curto to shorten, abbreviate curtus shortened /mutilated, defective /gelded curvo to bend, arch, curve /influence curvus arched, bent, bowed, curved, crooked cuspis point, the pointed end /spear custodia protection, custody custodiae custodie guards, wardens custos guardian, keeper, watchman, attendant damnatio condemnation damno to condemn, damn damnum loss, damage, injury /a fine dapifer senescal de down from, from, concerning debello cnquer, vanquish /end a war debeo to owe, to be morally bound to, to be bound by debilito to weaken, ennervate, sap, exhaust debitum debt decens; decenter properly, fittingly, suitably decentia propriety, decency of behavior decerno to decide, determine decerpo to pluck off / to gather, take away decertatio a contest, contention decerto to contend, fight to the finish decessio a retreat, withdrawal / departure decessor someone who retires / a predecessor decessus retirement / withdrawal / departure / death decet it is seemly, comely, suitable, proper decido to fall down / fall dead, die / sink, fall decido to cut down, cut off / arrange decimus tenth decipio ensnare, trap, beguile, deceive declamo to declaim, orate / speak loudly declaratio a clarification declaro to explain, explain declino to turn aside, deflect declive a slope, decline decoctor a spendthrift, bankrupt decollo to behead decolo to trickle away decolor pale, without color decoloratio discoloration decoquo to boil down decoquo to waste / become bankrupt decor beauty, grace decoro beautify, embellish, adorn decorus beautiful, graceful, charming, proper, fit decrepitus infirm, decrepit decresco to decrease, grow smaller decretum decree, judgment, edict, order decumbo to fall, fall into, lie down decurro to sail downstream decursio a charge, manoeuver decursus a running down / charge, manoeuver dedecor unseemly, shameful, disgraceful, dishonorable dedecus shame, dishonor, disgrace, crime dedico to dedicate deduco to lad out colonists, found a colony defaeco to cleanse, purify, purge defendo to defend, ward off, protect, shelter defero to carry, to bear, to bring defero to hand over, carry down, communicate, offer defessus weary, tired defetiscor (defessus) to grow tired, weary deficio to fail, to weaken, to be in want deficio weaken, to be in want defigo fasten down, secure, fix firmly/ concentrate defleo to bewail, weep for defluo to flow down, waste, disappear defluo to flow away, disappear, be lost defungo to discharge one's duties, quit, retire, die degenero to be unlike one's kind, fall off, degenerate degenero to cause to degenerate, disgrace by degeneracy degero to pass time, live degusto to taste deinde next, then, thereafter, from that place deinde adv, afterwards delectatio delight, pleasure, enjoyment delecto to attract delego to transfer, commit, assign, impute, attribute deleo to destroy, wipe out, erase deleo blot out, erase /annihilate, destroy delibero to consider, deliberate delicate luxuriously, delicately, slowly deliciae allurements, charms, delights delinquo to fail, be wanting/ fail in duty deludo to mock, cheat demens insane, mad, out of one's mind demergo to sink, plunge into, dip under, go into debt demitto to let down, lower demitto set dowwn demo to take away, subtract demonstro to indicate, show, describe, explain demoror to loiter, linger, tarry, belay demulceo to stroke down, caress by stroking demum at length at las, finally denego to refuse, deny, reject denique at last, finally, again, in short dens tooth denuncio declare, give notice, announce denuntio to announce officially, pronounce, declare denuo anew, again, a second time, afresh deorsum downwards depereo to perish, be utterly ruined depono to put down, lay aside depopulo to lay waste, ravage, devastate deporto to carry off, to take away deposco depoposci to demand depraedor depredor to plunder, lay waste, pillage, ravage deprecator intercessor, one who pleads on behalf deprecor to entreat for, beg for /intercede /curse deprecor to beg by entreaty, to excuse oneself / curse deprehensio detection deprimo (depressus) to press down, depress, low-lying depromo to take down, produce, fetch out depulso push aside, thrust away deputo to count, estimate/prune, cut off derelinquo to forsake, desert, abandon derideo to laugh at, mock, deride derigo to set straight, put in order deripio to tear down, snatch away deruptus broken off desero to leave, abandon, foresake desiderium wish, longing /regret, grief /want, need desidero to long for, wish for greatly, to miss desidiosus lazy, unmotivated designo to define, describe, designate designo designate, define, describe, mark out desino leave off, give over, cease, stop, end, desist desino (desiit) to leave off, give over, cease, stop, desist desipio to act foolishly, play the fool desolo to leave desolate, abandoned, to forsake desparatus given up on / desparate despecto overlook, dispise, look down upon despero to have no hope, despair, give up despero to be without hope, despair / despair of despiciens contemptuous despicio to look down, regard from above, despise desposco to demand destinatus resolute, firm, determined destino to fasten down, make fast destituo to place /leave in the lurch, abandon desum to fail, err, fall short, be missing, absent desumo to select, elect, choose, take out desuper from above detego to uncover, lay bare, disclose determino to fix the limits of, set boundaries to, delimit detineo hold off, hold back, detain detrimentum damage, loss, detriment deus god devenio to come to, arrive at, reach devito to avoid devoco to call away, call down, call aside devotio piety, devotion, zeal devoveo to consecrate, sacrifice, devote /curse dexter right, on the right dextera the right hand diabolus devil, Satan dico to say, tell, speak, name, call dictata things dictated, lessons, presents dictator dictator dictito to say often, reiterate dicto to say often, dictate, get written down dictus dictus a saying, a speech didico to be told dido dididi didtum to separate, divide, distribute dies diei day diffama spread around, made known differo to delay, postpone / to differ, be different differo to spread news / delay, defer, postpone differo to spread about, spread news / harrass, disturb differtus stuffed full, crammed, jammed difficilis difficult, hard, troublesome difficultas difficulty, need, trouble, distress digestor arranger, composer, one who makes a pattern dignitas merit, worth, prestige, dignity dignosco dignosco to distinguish, recognize as different dignus worthy of, meritorious dignus worthy digredior digredi digressus to depart, deviate, digress digressio separation, departure, digression digressus separation, departure, digression dilato to spread out, extend, expand, increase dilgenter attentively, earnestly, carefully, diligently diligens diligent, careful diligentia diligence, industry, perseverance, persistence diligo to choose out, esteem highly, prize, love diluculo dawn, daybreak diluo to remove, resolve dimidium half dimitto to break up, dismiss, leave, abandon directus plain, simple, direct, open, straightforward diripio to separate, tear apart /pillage, devastate diripio to tear in pieces, lay waste, devastate, plunder dirunitas long duration diruo to destroy diruo to demolish, destroy, ruin dis rich, possessing wealth or worth discedo to break up, depart, go away discedo to depart from, deviate, leave discerpo to dismember, disjoint, sever /divide, break up discessio management, ordering, direction discidium separation, division, disagreement discipulus disciple, student, learner, pupil disco to learn, become acquainted with discrepo to differ, to be diifferent, vary, disagree dispono to arrange, put in order, draw up (troops) disputatio debate, dispute, discussion disputo discuss dissero to examine, treat of, discuss dissimilis unlike, different, disparate, dissimilar dissimulo to ignore, leave unnoticed dissimulo to conceal, disguise, keep secret dissolutus lax, weak, wanting in energy, dissolute distraho distract /(property) sell up distraho distraxi distractum to pull apart, pull in pieces distribuo to distribute, divide districtus (f. distringo) strict, severe /hesitating /busy dito to enrich, make wealthy dito to enrich, endow, make wealthy diu by day, for a long time, a long time ago diu adv. a long while, long time, for a long time diutinus lasting a long time, enduring, long-lived diutius longer, too long (a period of time) diuturnus lasting a long time, of long duration diversus different, unlike, opposed, hostile dives rich, opulent, wealthy divinatio prediction, divination divinitus divine influence, admirably, nobly divinus divine, sacred divitiae divitie riches, wealth do dare dedi datum to give, offer, convey, offer, donate, furnish doceo docui doctum to instruct, teach, tutor doctor teacher doctrina doctrine, teaching, instruction, learning doctus taught, instructed, learned, tutored dolens painfully doleo to suffer pain, to be pained, grieve dolor pain, grief. misery, pain, suffering dolose slyly, deceitfuly dolosus crafty, cunning, sly, deceitful dolus fraud, deceit, guile, treachery, a trap domesticus domestic, civil domina lady, mistress dominatus rule, mastery, tyranny, domination dominica demesne dominus domno master, lord domito to tame, subdue, break in domus house, home, residence donec up to the time when, until, as long as, while donum gift, present, donation dormio to sleep, slumber, siesta, nap dubito to doubt, hesitate dubium doubt, hesitation, reservation duco to lead on the march, marry a wife, command duco to draw, shape, construct/ (time) spend, delay duco to calculate, count, reckon, esteem, considered duco to lead, draw, esteem, consider duco to charm, influence, mislead, draw in dudum for a long while, a long while ago, some time ago dulcedo sweetness, pleasantness, charm dulcidine sweetly, pleasantly, charmingly dulcis sweet, pleasant, agreeable dum while, as long as, until dummodo provided dumtaxat at least, not less than / at most, not more than duo two duro to harden, last, endure durus hard, harsh, tough, strong,enduring, rough Dusiol petram Duissenpierre dux ducis leader, guide, commander, general, duke eatenus so far, thus far, up to then ebullio to boil up, bubble up, to appear ecce Lo! Behold! See! ecclesia church econtra against, opposite ecquando at any time? ever? edico to announce, declare edificium building, structure editio the publishing of a book, an announcement edo put forth, give out edo edi essum to eat, consume, devour, waste edoceo to inform fully, instruct thoroughly educo to draw out, lead out, march out/bring up edulis edible eduro to last endure, persist edurus hard effector producer, someone who causes something effectus doing, execution, performance, effect, result effercio to cram, stuff, fill effero to carry out, bury, lift up, exalt effertus stuffed, jammed, crammed efferus savage, wild, untamed, undomesticated effervo to boil up, swarm out (like bees) efficaciter effectively, efficiently efficax effective, efficient efficens efficient, effective efficenter efficiently, effectively, powerfully efficio to do, produce, effect, make/ bring about effigies idol, likeness /ghost, appartition /ideal effingo to form, fashion, make /duplicate, copy efflagito to plead urgently effligo to wipe out, obliterate, destroy efflo to breathe out, blow out effloresco to blossom, bloom, break out effluo to vanish /be forgotten /pour out, leak effluvium an outlet /seepage effodio to dig out, excavate /to gut effor to speak, express /state /declare effreno to let go without reins effrenus wild, unrestrained, unchecked, unbridled effringo to break, break open effugio flee from, escape, elude, run away effundo to pour out, pour forth, shed, utter effusio a pouring form, effusion, exhilaration effutio to gab, chatter egelidus thawed, lukewarm, tepid egenus in want of, in need of, destitute egeo to need, lack, want, be without ego I, self egredior to go out, leave, depart, exit eicio to throw out, eject, drive out elatus puff-up, proud of oneself, arrogant electus chosen, select elementum first principle, element, basic constituent elemosina alms elemosinarius almoner, person in charge of providing charity eligo to pick out, select, choose eloquens eloquent, persuasive, fluent eloquentia eloquence, readiness of speech, fluency eloquor to speak out, express oneself, declare eluo to wash out, rinse cleanse /squander, waste eluvies a flowing over, flood, innundation eluvio inundation emanio to flow out, spread /arise, emanate, originate emendo to amend, correct emercor to buy up emergo to arise, come up, rise up, occur emerio to obtain by service, earn completely emineo to stand out, project, be remarkable eminor to threaten, menace eminus at a distance, from a distance emiror to wonder at exceedingly emo emi emptum to buy, purchase emoveo to move away, remove, take away emptio a buying, a purchase eneus made of copper or bronze, brazen enim for, in fact, truly enim in fact, truly, indeed enumero to count, count up, enumerate eo ire itum to go, advance, proceed, travel, move along episcopalis episcopal episcopus bishop epistola letter, epistle, missive, message epistula letter, epistle, missive, message epitaphium funeral oration epithalamium wedding song epitoma abridgement, summary epitome abridgement, summary epops the hoopoe (a bird) epos epic poem epotus drunk up, drained / swallowed up eptheca an addition epulae a banquet, feast / food / dishes epulo sumptuous food, banquet, feast epulor to feast, banquet, dine epulor to feast, feast on epulum a banquet, feast equa a mare eques equitis horseman, cavalry man rider (classical) equester equestrian, relating to cavalry equidem indeed, truly, for my part equinus equine, relating to horses equitas justice, fairness, equity equitatus cavalry, horsemen (classical) equito to ride on horseback equus horse, steed, mount equus level, even, calm, equal, favorable, just era mistress, lady eradico to root out, destroy, obliterate, get rid of erado to scratch out, erase / destroy erectus upright erepo to creep out, creep over, creep up ereptio seizure, taking by force, confiscation ereptor thief, robber erga toward, about ergastulum a workhouse for slaves ergo accordingly, then, therefore ergo on account of, because of ericius hedgehog, chevaux de frise erigo ; erexi to erect, raise, set up / arouse, encourage erilis relating to a master or mistress eripio to snatch away, take away / rescue, free erogatio payment, expenditure erogo to ask for / to pay out, expend, disburse errabundus wandering erratio a wandering, straying erratum fault, error, mistake erratus wandering, straying erro to wander, stray, rove / be mistaken, err error error, mistake erubesco to blush to, blush for, respect erubescundus something to be ashamed of, worth blushing over eruca a colewort (plant) eructo to vomit, throw up /to cast out, throw out erudio to polish, smooth / instruct, teach, educate eruditio instruction, teaching / knowledge, learning erumpo to break out, burst forth / (milit.) attack erumpo to break open, vent, discharge, erupt eruo to dig up, pull out / raze, demolish eruptio an eruption, bursting forth / sally, attack erus master, owner, lord ervum a bitter weed, vetch esca food / bait escendo to ascend, go up, climb, to go inland escensio a movement inland / milit. marching inland esculentus succulent, delicious, ripe esito to continue eating essedarius one who fight from a chariot esurio to be hungry, to hunger / long for, desire, yearn esuritio hunger et ... et both ... and etenim for indeed ethologus a mimic etiam actually? really? in truth? etiam yes (answering a question), certainly etiam as yet, still / even, also, besides etiam atque etiam again and again etiamnun yet, still, until now etiamsi even if, although etiamtum even then / until then etsi even if, although, nothwithstanding eu good! well done! good job! eunuchus eunuch evado to go out evagor to wander out, stray off evanesco to vanish, disappear / pass away evangelium the gospel evanidus vanishing, disappearing / passing away evasto to lay waste, devastate evello to tear out evello to happen, occur evenio to come to pass, happen, befall eventus consequence, issue, result, occurrence everbero to strike violently, to hit hard everriculum a fishing net, seine / a clean sweep everro to sweep out, plunder, pillage eversio an overturning, destruction, ruin eversor a destroyer everto to destroy, ruin, demolish everto to turn out, throw out evestigatus found out, discovered. tracked down evidens clear, distinct, plain, visible, evident evidenter clearly, distinctly, plainly evigilo to awaken /be alert evincio to tie up, bind evinco to conquer, subjugate, enthrall, defeat eviscero to disembowel evito to shuun, avoid; also, to kill evoco to draw out, draw on, produce evolo to flee, escape, fly away, rush out evolutio unrolling and reading of a scroll evolvo to untangle, extricate, detach, disclose evomo to vomit forth evulgo to publish ex out of, from within exaequo exequo to be like, equal/ make level or even, relate exaresco to become dry, arid exaro to plow up, dig up /write on a wax tablet exaudio to listen to, hear plainly, hear favorably excedo to exceed, leave, pass beyond excellentia excellence, merit, worth excessum departure, death, digression excipio to take out, except /take excito call forth, bring about, wake, raise up exclamo to shout, cry aloud, exclaim excludo to shut out, exclude excolo to honor (a deity), polish, adorn, refine, serve excorio to shave /scalp, flay /oppress /peel excrucio to torment, torture, cause great pain excusatio excuse excuso to exempt from blame, excuse, make excuses executio to seize, recover executor adminstrator, executive officer exemplar model, pattern, original, prototype exemplum pattern, model, example exempoator m, model, example exerceo to train, cultivate, keep at work, exercise exercitus army exertus tested, tried, approved, experienced exesto extra esto exheredo to disinherit exheres disinherited exhibeo exibeo to produce, show, display, offer, allow, cause exhilaro to make cheerful exhorresco to be horrified, to shake, shudder /dread exigo complete, finish, determine, decide, settle exigo drive out, force out, exact, demand, sell exilis thin, slender, meager eximietate uncommonness, excellence eximius extraordinary, excellent, fine, superb eximo to free, release, take out, remove, waste exinde thence, next/ thereupon, after that exinde thence, furthermore exitium destruction, ruin exitus going out, going forth, exit, end, finish exordium the beginning (especially of a speech) exorior to rise, spring up, issue, appear, come forward exorno to furnish, provide, supply exoro to prevail upon a person, entreat successfully exorsus begun exosus loathing, fiercely hating, despising expalpo to lure out, coax out expedio to release, set free, clear /explain, clarify expedio to free from a snare, disentangle /ready, settled expedite freely, easily expeditione military operation, military force, expedition expeditus unimpeded, unchecked /(mil.) light-armed expello (expuli expulsum ) to drive out, expel, force out, banish experior (experiri; expertus ) to try, test, experience, prove expers wanting, destitute of, not sharing in expetens desirous, eager expeto to fall upon expeto to demand, require / desire, strive after expilatio plundering, taking booty expiscor to fish out, find out, discover expleo to make losses good/ fulfil, discharge (duties) expleo explevi expletum to fill, fill up, complete, finish expletio satifying expletus perfect, complete explicatus explanation, exposition explico to unfold, unroll, disentangle / explain expono (exposui expositum ) to set forth, explain, expose expositus open, accessible, exposed expostulo to demand earnestly / to make a claim expugno to capture, overcome, subdue, take by storm exquisitus sought after, exquisite,excellent, fine exsequor to execute, avenge, punish /relate, describe exsequor to maintain, keep up, carry out, fulfill exsequor exequor to follow to the grave, follow to the end exsertus exertus project, thrust forward exsilium exile, banishment exsisto to emerge, appear, exist, be exsisto existo to stand forth, arise, appear exspecto to look for, expect, await, wait for exsto to stand out, be extant, appear, project extermino exussum, burn down, burn, set on fire externus outer, foreign, outside, external extollo to lift up, raise up, erect /elevate, exalt extollo to praise exaggerate /decorate, adorn extorqueo to twist, wrench, dislocate /extort by force extra beyond, outside extraho prolong, protract/ bring forward extraho extraxi extractum drag out, extract, remove extraneus outside, exraneous/ foreign, strange/ a foreigner extrarius outward, external/ strange, unrelated, foreign extremitas end, farthest part extremus outermost, last, extreme extrico disentangle, free, extricate, clear up, unravel extrinsecus outwardly, externally, from the outside extundo drive away, repel violently, extort extundo to form by beating with a hammer, invent, devise exturbo to drive away, thrust out exubero to grow thickly, abound exulcero to aggravate, exacerbate, irritate, make worse exulto to exult, be joyful exululo to howl loudly exundo to overflow, abound exuo to lay aside, put away, store/strip, deprive exuro; exussum burn down, burn, set on fire exustio burning up, conflagration exuviae dress, clothing/ spoils faba broad bean faber skilled, ingenious faber craftsman, artisan fabre skillfully, ingeniously fabrica manufacture /craft, trade, art /trick, device fabula fable, story, tale, play facesso to work zealously, do, accomplish facies face, visage, countenance /aspect, appearance facile easily facile easily, without difficulty facilis easy, agreeable, affable, pleasant facillimus easiest, most agreeable, pleasantest facina -oris bad deed, crime, villainy/ deed, action facinarose viciously, scandalously facio to make, do, act, perform, cause facio to sacrifice, suit, help, be of service facio to give permission/ to experience facis a bundle, packet facticius artificial, man-made factum deed, accomplishment, work, act, achievement facultas feasibility, opportunity, resources., abundance facultas power, means, opportunity, capacity, ability facunde eloquently, fluently facundia fertile, productive, profitable facunditas fertility, qickness or readiness of speech facundus eloquent, fluent, ready of speech faenum hay falsus false, deceptive fama talk, report, rumor, gossip, tradition familia family, household familiaris belonging to a household / friendly, intimate familiaritas confidential friendship, intimacy famosus much spoken of, renowned /notorious famulatus servitude, slavery famulor to be a servant, to serve famulus servant famulus serving, servile /a servant, slave fanaticus enthusiastic, inspired, frenzied fanum a temple or church with the land around it far farris spelt, grain, meal farci; farci; fartum to fill up, stuff farina meal or flour farrago mixed fodder for cattle, mash /mishmash, medley farratus provided with grain fartim stuffing, filling fartor one who fattens fowls fas divine law or command/ fate, destiny/ lawful fas est it is right, it is fitting, it is lawful fascia bandage, band, girdle, girth fascino to bewitch, envy fastidio to dislike, have an aversion to, loathe fastidiosus squeamish, dainty, fastidious fastidium disgust, dislike, sqeamishness /scorn, disdain fastidium aversion, loathing fastigate slantingly fastigatus pointed down, sloping down fastosus pride, haughtiness fateor to confess, admit, allow, reveal, make known fatigo worry, fatigue, vex, harass, tease fatua foolish fatum fate, destiny, doom, lot, weird fautor favorer, promoter, patron, partisan, supporter faveo To be inclined to do faveo be favorable to, aid, support, help feculentia dregs, lees, impurities, filth feculentia dregs, lees, impurities, filth fefello to be failed by, disappointed by something feliciter happily felix felicis lucky, fortunate, happy femina woman fenestra window fere almost, near;y, not quite, generally feretrum bier, litter feritas wildness, savageness ferme; fere almost, about fero tuli latum to carry, bring, tell, relate, and much else ferocia high spirit, courage /arrogance, ferocity ferocitas courage, untamed spirit /arogance ferociter with spirit, courageously /arrogantly ferox spirited, courageous, warlike /wild, arrogant ferramenta tools made of iron, or shod with iron ferrarius of iron /a blacksmith /iron mines ferratilis in chains (slaves and prisoners) ferreus made of iron /hard, unfeeliing, cruel, unbending ferrugineus rust colored, dusky ferrugo the color of rust ferrum iron, sword fertilis fruitful, fertile, productive fertilitas fertility, fruitfulness ferula the herb fennel /a rad to beat children with ferus fierce, wild, savage, untamed fervefacio to heat, boil, melt fervens glowing, hot, heated /(character) heated, fiery ferventer hotly, warmly ferveo to be boiling hot, boil, seethe fervesco to become hot, begin to glow or boil fervidus boiling, seething, foaming /fiery, passionate festinatio speed, haste festino to hasten, hurry, speed festinus hastening, hasty feteo to have a bad odor, stink ficus fig tree fidelis faithful, loyal, true fidelitas fidelity, loyalty, homage fidens confident, without fear, courageous fides promise, assurance, word of honor, engagement fides trust, confidence, reliance, belief, faith fiducia confidence, trust, assurance fiendo same as faciendo, the making filia daughter filius son fimus dung, dirt, filth, manure fines finium boundaries, limits, territory fingo-finxi-fictum to touch, conceive, contrive finis end, limit, boundary, purpose finitimus finitumus neighboring, adjacent, related to, similar fio; fieri; factus be made, be done, become firmo to assert, maintain/ strengthen firmus firm, strong, reliable, solid flamma flame, fire flatus blowing, blast, breathing, arrogance flax; falcis sickle, bill-hook, pruning hook fleo to weep, cry, shed tears, sob flere to cry, shed tears fluctus billow, wave flumen river fluo to flow, pour, stream fodio to prick, sting, jab foede fouly, in a filty manner foedis-e foul, fithly foedus compact, covenant, agreement / law foeteo to smell bad foetidus smelly, stinking foetor a bad smell, a stink foliatus leafy folium leaf folliculus small bag, small purse, little sack follis a leather bag, purse, bellows, puffed-out cheeks fomentum poultice / alleviation fomes tinder fomeus smoky, smoke-filled fons fountain, spring / fresh water / source, origin fonticulus small spring, little fountain for say, speak, talk about forabilis penetrable foramen hole, opening, aperture foras outside, without forca pitfall, snare, trap forceps pincers, tongs forda a cow with calf fore; forem future infinitive of sum forensis legal forensis relating to the forum / relating to legal business forfex scissors, shears foris out of doors, outside, abroad / from abroad foris a door, opening, entrance forix arch, vault / arcade / an arched sallyport forma shape, beauty formalis having a set or standard form, formal formamentum conformation formator a former, fashioner, maker formatura forming, fashioning, shaping formica ant formidilose dreadfully, teribly formidilosus causing dread, fear, terror formido dread, terror / dreadfulness / scarecrow formido to be terrified, frightened, afraid formo to shape, form, fashion formose beautifully formositas beauty formosus beautiful, well-shaped formula physical beauty / formula / rule, principle fornacalis relating to an oven fornacula a small oven fornax oven, furnace, kiln fornicatus arched, vaulted foro to bore, pierce, make a hole, penetrate fors-itis chance, luck fors fortis chance, luck, fortune forsit forsan forsitan perhaps, probably fortasse perhaps forte by chance, by luck, accidentally fortis strong, brave, powerful, robust, steadfast fortiter strongly, bravely fortitudo physical strength, courage, moral bravery fortuito accidentally, by chance fortuitus accidentally, by luck, casual fortuna fortune, luck, fate, chance fortunate fortunately, happily fortunatus fortunate, lucky /wealthy, rich fortunatus fortunate, lucky, happy fortuno to make happy, to bless, to prosper foruli book-case forum market place, town square forus gangway of a ship fossa ditch, trench, channel, moat fossio an excavation fossor a digger, ditcher, sapper / fool, boor, clown fossura digging, delving, sapping, ditching fovea a pit, trap for game, pitfall foveo to cherish / to warm, keep warm, caress foveo to foster, support, encourage fraga strawberries fragilis fragile, easily broken / fleeting fragilitas frailness, weakness, fragility, frailty fragmen a breaking / fragments, remains, ruins fragor a crash, crack fragosus roaring, crashing, rough /broken fragro to smell, be odiferous, redolent frango to break in pieces, shatter frater brother fraudatio fraud, deceit, trickery frendo to gnash one's teeth, bruise, crush, grind frendo gnash the teeth, crush, bruise, grind freno curb, restrain, hold back, restrain frenum reins, bridle, bit /restraint frequentatio frequency, crowding frequentia a large concourse, population, numerous assembly frequento to crowd, collect in large number, visit fretus relying upon, depending on, banking on frigus cold, coolness, cold of winter /dullness frons forehead, brow, front fructuarius fruitful, fertile fructus fructus fruit, profit, enjoyment, produce frugalitas frugality, economy, pinching pennies frumentum grain fruor to have the benefit of, to enjoy frustra in vain, mistakenly, wantonly, without reason frustra esse to be deceived, to be mistaken frustro to deceive, dupe, trick, disappoint frux; frugi fruits of the earth fuga flight, escape fugio to flee, escape, runa aaway /avoid, shun fugitivus deserter, runaway slave fugo to put to flight, chase away, drive into exile fulcio to support, strengthen, uphold/ to besiege fulgeo (fulsi ) to flash, shine, beam fultus supporter fumidus smoky, smoke-filled fumo to smoke, steam, reek fundatio-onis foundation fundator founder funditus totally fundo to pour, pour out (like molten metal), melt fundo to rout, scatter, defeat, put to flight fungor; fungi; functus to occupy oneself, perform, do, execute funiculus a thin rope, cord, string funis rope, cord, line funis -is rope, cord, line furax inclined to steal furca a fork, pitchfork /narrow pass furcillo to act as a support furor madness, rage, frenzy furs thief furtificus thievish furtim by stealth, stealthily furtum theft, robbery fusus spread out, extended, wide, copious futurus absurd galactinus the Milky Way galbinus a greenish-yellow color galea helmet gallina hen gallo cock Gandavum Ghent ganea ganeum brothel garrio to chatter, babble garrulus noising, talkative garum a fermented fish sauce gaudeo to rejoice, take delight gaudeo to take delight in gaudium joy, delight, happiness gauisus rejoicing, joyous, glad, happy gelamen assembly, gathering gelide coldly, weakly, feebly gelidus cold, frosty, icy, freezing gelo to freeze gelu frost, chill, cold Gemblacensis Gembloux gemino to double geminus twinned /double /paired /half and half gemo to sigh, groan, wail generasco to be produced, to be born generatim by kinds, according to classes /generally genero to beget, engender, produce, create generose nobly generosus of noble birth, aristocratic, well-bred gens clan, race, nation, people, tribe genus kind, sort, class, category gero to have, bear gero to carry, bear, wear /bear gesto to carry, bear about gestum (gero) carrying about, conduct (oneself) gestum (gero) carriage, bearing / having borne gigno (genuit) to bring forth, bear, beget, father glacialis icy, frozen, full of ice gladius sword gloria fame, renown, glory glorifico to glorify, adorn, exalt glorificus glorious, full of glory glorior to glory, boast, pride oneself glorior to pride oneself, boast, glory in gluten glue gluto glutton gluttio to swallow, gulp down gnaritas knowledge gnarus knowing, acquainted with, expert grano; onis hailstorm grassor go about, go ahead, proceed, attack grate freely, willingly, happily gratia on account of gratia gratitude, favor gratia in order to, for the sake of, to gratia agere to thank gratulor to wish a person joy, congratulate gravatus sick, oppressed, ill gravis heavy, weighty, serious, important /severe gravitas weight, seriousness, dignity, importance graviter heavily, seriously gravo to oppress, burden, make suffer gregatim in flocks, herds, troops, crowds gregatim in troops, or crowds gubernatio-ionis direction, government gusto to taste gutter neck, throat, gullet habeo habui habitum to have, hold, possess /consider, regard habito to have frequently /dwell habitus disposed, in a certain condition hac this side, this way, here hactenus hitherto, up to this point, so far haereticum heretical Hasnonium Hasnon haud no, not at all, by no means Heniis Harniis Hames hereditas inheritance hesito (haesito) to be unsure, uncertain, wavering hic here hic haec (hec ) hoc this, the latter /he, she, it hilaris cheerful, merry, gay hinc from this place, hence hodie today hodiernus of today Hoienses huy, belgium, between liege and namur homo hominis human being, man honeste respectfully, properly, suitably, appropriately honestus honorable, respectable /fine, beautiful /proper honor honor, esteem, public office honorabilis respectful hora hour, time hordeum; ordeum barley horrendus horrible, dreadful hortor exhort, incite, encourage hortus ortus garden / pl. grounds, park hospes guest, host, stranger hospitium hospitality /guest chambers, inn hostes hostium the enemy hostis an enemy of the state humanitas kindness, culture, refinement humanus pertaining to man, humane, humane, cultured humilis lowly, humble humo cover with earth, bury humus ground, earth, soil /land, country Hunnam Bunna hypocrita hypocrite iaceo to lie, lie prostrate, lie dead iacio to throw, cast, hurl, lay, scatter, diffuse iactantia bragging, boasting iaculator thrower, javelin man, spear thrower iaculum dart, javelin, short spear iam now, by now, already/ presently, immediately iam moreover, henceforth, indeed, just, further iam pridem now for a long time iamdiu now for a long time iamdudum now for a long time ianitor doorkeeper, porter ianua door ianus arcade, covered passage ibi there ibidem in the same place, at the moment, in that matter Ico to strike, hit, wound /strike a bargain ictus blow, bite, stroke, bolt, thrust ictus blow, wound, stabbing, thrust idcirco on that account, for that reason idem eadem idem the same identidem again and again, repeatedly ideo for that reason, on that account, therefore idoneus proper, worthy, fitting, deserving, capable iecur the liver ieiunitas hunger, emptiness /meagerness, poverty ieiunium fast, abstinence, hunger /leanness, thinness ientaculum breakfast iento to eat breakfast igitur therefore, consequently, for this reason ignarus ignorant, not knowing ignavus lazy, listless, inert, sluggish cowardly igneus fiery, ardent, burning ignis fire ignoro to be ignorant of, not know /rarely neglect ignotus unknown, obscure, ignorant, ignoble ile guts, intestines ilicet it is finished /right away, immediately ilico on the spot, immediately ilico on the spot, in that very place /immediately illac over there /along that path, in that direction ille illa illud that, the former, the famous /he, she, it illic there, at that place, therein, in that matter illuc thither, to that place, to that matter illudo-si-sum to mock, to scorn illudo illusi illusum to mock, make fun of, ridicule imago image, likeness imber rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain imbibo imbibe, drink in /think up, conceive imbrium of rain imbuo to soak, steep, saturate /to stain imcomposite adv from incompositus; also incompositione imitabilis that which can be imitated imitor to imitate immanitas savagery, frightfulness immerito undeservingly, without merit, unjustifiably immineo to hang over, be imminent, threaten immo nay, should I say, on the contrary immo by all means, by no means, on the contrary immodicus immoderate, excessive, beyond measure immortalis immortal immotus unmoved immunda unclean, impure, dirty, foul immundus foul, impure impedimentum hindrance, impediment, obstacle, difficulty impedio entangle, ensnare, obstruct, surround, hinder impeditus entagles, hindered /embarassed, prevented impedo to entangle, ensnare, hinder, prevent, obstruct impello to drive against, strike upon impello impuli impulsum to set in mortion, impel, urge on impendeo to hang over, threaten, menace, be imminent impendo to lay out, expend, weigh out impenetrabiilis impenetrable impensa expense, outlay imperator commander in chief, general, emperor imperceptus unperceived /unknown imperiosus imperious, dominering, powerful imperium power to command, authority, command, rule impero to give orders, command /to rule, hold sway impervius unpassable impeto to attack, head for impetro to get, accomplish, effect, obtain (by asking) impetus attack, rush, assault /impulse, sudden passion impiger diligent, active impingo to hurl against, strike impius without respect, irreverent, unpatriotic /wicked impleo to fill up, content, satisfy impono to place, set, stow /embark /cheat, deceive importunus unsuitable, unfavorable impraesentiarum for the present, in present cirumstances imprimis especially, particularly, specifically improbus inferior, bad, wicked, persistent, perverse improvidus improvident, negligent, thoughtless, feckless improviso unexpected/ (ex improviso) suddenly impudens impudent, shameless, insolent, presumptuous impudenter impudently, insolently, presumptuously impugnatio attack impugno to attack, assault impunitus unpunished, unrestrained, safe imputo to lay to a charge, enter in an account in into, toward, against in praesentia for the present inanis empty, vain, inane inasnum foolish, insane incassum in vain incedo to awake, march, go, enter into inceptor beginner inceptum beginning, attempt, enterprise incertus uncertain, doubtful, unsure, hesitant inchoatus unfinished, only begun incido to fall in or on, fall in with /happen, occur incido in mentionem to happen to mention incipio to take in hand, begin, commence incito to excite, spur, inspire, increase /hasten inclino to bend, incline, turn, change / fall back includo to shut in, enclose, establish a siege, surround inclutus inclitus celebrated, famous, renowned incogitania thoughtlessness incogitatus thoughtless, inconsiderate / spontaneous incogito to plan, arrange, contrive, think out incognitus unknown, unexamined / unrecognized / unclaimed incoho to begin, start upon, turn to, start incol resident incola resident incolo to inhabit, reside somewhere, dwell (in) incolumis uninjured, safe, scatheless, unharmed incolumitas safety incomitatus alone, unaccompanied, without followers incommendatus without a protector, without a lord incommode inconveniently incommoditas inconvenience, uncomfortable / disadvantage incommodo to be troublesome, unpleasant, annoying incommodus inconvenient, troublesome, irksome, disagreeable incommutabilis unchangeable incomparabilis without compare, peerless, incomparable incompertus unknown incomposite irregularly, in a disorderly manner incompositus disorder, lack of regularity incomprehensibilis impossible to catch, incomprehensible incomptus unkempt, untrimmed / rude, rough inconcessus forbidden, prohibited, not allowed inconcinnus awkward, clumsy / without elegance / absurd inconcussus firm, unshaken, stable inconditus disorderly, not arranged, unplanned, confused incongruens not agreeing, inconsistent, out of place inconsiderate thoughtlessly, without consideration inconsideratus without thought, inconsiderate/ reckless inconsolabilis inconsolable / uncurable inconstans inconsistent, changeable, fickle inconstanter inconstantly, changeably, inconsistently inconstantia changeability, inconsistency / faithlessness inconsulte indiscreetly inconsultus without asking advise, precipately / imprudent inconsumptus unconsumed, undiminished, not depleted incontaminatus pure, unadulterated, unpolluted incontentus unstretched, not extended, unstrained / untuned incontinencia lack of restraint, incontinence incontinens incontinent inconveniens not suiting / dissimilar incorrectus unimproved, uncorrected, not emended incorruptus uncorrupted, genuine, pure, untainted increbresco to grow strong, prevail, increase, wax incredibilis incredible, unbelievable incredulus incredulous incrementum growth, increase / offspring increpito to call out to, to rebuke increpo to chide, rebuke incresco to grow in, or upon incruentatus bloodless incruente without bloodshed incubo to hang over inculco to crowd in, press in, trample in / impress upon inculpatus innocent, without blame, guiltless inculta waste, desert incultus untilled, uncultivated / unpolished, rude incultus neglect, lack of cultivation incumbo to apply oneself, concentrate / favor incumbo to lie or lean upon, lean over, overhang incunabula swddling clothes / infancy, birthplace / source incuratus unhealed, uncured, untended incuria carelessness, neglect incuriose negligently, carelessly incuriosus neglect, careless, negligent incurro to run into, assail, attack, raid into incursio clash, collision / attack, raid, foray, invasion incurso to collide with, strike against / attack incursus an attack, assault / efforts, impulses incurvo to bend, curve, make crooked indagatio investigation inde thence, from there, for that reason, thereafter indebitus not owed, not due indicium data, information, evidence indico to proclaim, make publicly known, announce indifferens neither good nor bad indifferente indifferently indigeo to require, need, stand in need of indignatio indignation indignus unworthy, lacking in merit, unfit indo (past indidi) to establish, cause, occasion indomitus untamed, wild induco cover, put on clothing, erase writing, revoke induco to bring, lead, conduct induco bring in, introduce, induce, persuade / decide induco-are to lead induco indux inductum to lead in, introduce, induce, influence industrius industrious, diligent, assiduous, hard-working indutiae truce, armistice, suspension of hostilities induviae clothes, clothing, garb inedicabilis unexplainable, inexplicable inefficaciter ineffectually, vainly, in vain inefficax ineffectual, unproductive, profitless /weak ineo to enter, go in /begin, commence, undertake ineptio to play the fool, to trifle inexpugnabilis impregnable, unconquerable infamo to put to shame, disgrace infantia infancy, babyhood infector dyer infectum reddere to revoke, render impossible, make voil, annull infectus unworked /not done, unfinished, incomplete infecunditas barrenness, sterility infecundus barren, sterile infelicitas bad luck, misfortune infeliciter unhappily infelix the gallows infelix unfruitful, barren, unproductive, infertile infenso to attack, avenge infensus hostile, agressive /(arms) aimed inferi those down below, the dead inferne on the lower side, below infero bring on, occasion, cause infero to infer, conclude infero to carry in, put or place on inferus below, under, southern infervesco to come to a boil, become hot infeste in a hostile manner, belligerently infesto to attack, disquiet infestus aggressive, hostile, dangerous inficio infeci infectum to tinge, dye, stain, imbue inficio infeci infectum to poison, taint, corrupt infidelis unfaithful, disloyal, untrue infidelitas faithlessnes, disloyalty infideliter faithlessly, disloyally infidus untru, disloyal infigo to fix, fasten /to imprint, impress infindo infidi infissum to cut into infinitas infinitio eternity, infinity, endlessnes infinitus unlimited, infinite, without bounds, boundless infirmatio weakening /refusing /invalidating infirme weakly, faintly infirmitas weakness, feebkeness /instability, fickleness infirmo to weaken /shake /invalidate, annull/disprove infirmus not strong, weak, feeble /(sometimes) sick, ill infit he, she, or it begins, begins to speak infitialis negative, containing a no, rejection infitias ire to deny infitior to deny /deny a debt, refuse to return something inflammo to set on fire, inflame, to torch, kindle inflatio inflation, flatulence inflatius too pompous /on a grander scale inflatus blowing into, blast, inspiration inflatus pompous, swollen, puffed up, inflated inflecto to warp /change, sway, affect inflecto inflexi inflectum to bend, bow, curve infletus unwept, unmourned, unlamented inflexio a bending, swaying inflexus bending, curving infligo inflixi inflictum to strike, hit, knock /cause damage inflo to blow influo influi influxum to flow in /to rush in, steal in infodio infodi infossum to dig in, bury informatio concept, idea informis formless, shapeless /deformed, hideous infortunatus unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky infortunium misfortune, bad luck /punishment infra below, under /(time) later than infra below, underneath /to the south infra inferius infimus low down infractio a breaking /infractio aninimi dejection infractus broken, weakened, impaired infragilis unbreakable, strong infremo to growl infrenatus without a bridle infrendeo to gnash the teetch infrenis infrenus unbridled infreno to bridle, check, restrain, break in infrequens scanty, thin infrequentia scantiness, emptiness, loneliness infringo infregi infractum to beak, weaken, impari, discourage infructuosus unproduction, infertile, unfruitful infucatus colored infula insignia of office, headband, fillet infula headband (worn by a priest), insignia infundo infudi infusum to pour in or over /(+ dat.) administer infusco to make dark, blacken ingemino to redouble, repeat /be redoubled, increase ingemisco to groan, sigh over ingemo to groan, sigh over ingenero to plant, implant, generate ingeniose cleverly ingeniosus able, talented /neturally fit, adapted ingenium innate character, talent, nature ingens of immoderate size, vast, huge, monstrous ingenuitas free birth, noble-mindedness, frankness ingenuus free-born, noble-minded, upright, honorable ingero to go off to, betake oneself to, pour forth inglorius without fame, unddistinguished, inglorious ingluvies crop, maw ingrate ingratiis ingratis unwillingly, ungratefully ingratus ungrateful, unpleasant, disagreeable ingravesco to become heavy, a burden, weary, pregnant ingravo to weight down, aggravate, afflict ingredior to enter upon, begin on /(with inf.) to begin to ingredior ingredi ingressus to step in, enter, go in, walk ingressio an entering /beginning ingressus entering, going in /inroad, movement ingruo to fall upon, assail, attack, assault inguen the groin ingurgito to glut oneself, gorge ingustatus untasted inhabilis unmanageable, ill-fit, poorly adapted, unsuiited inhabitabilis uninhabitable, unfit for man or beast inhabito to inhabit inhaeresco inheresco to adhere to, begin to cling to inhaero inhero to stick in, cling to, cleave to inhalo to breathe upon inhibeo to hold in, check, restrian /back water /practice inhio to gape /yearn for, desire, want, covet inhoneste dishonorably inhonesto to disgrace, dishonor inhonestus degraded, dishonored /dishonorable inhonoratus unrewarded, not honored inhonorus dishonored inhorreo to bristle inhorresco to begin to bristle, shudder, quiver, shake inhospitalis inhospitable inhospitalitas lack of hospitality inhospitus inhospitable inhumane inhumanly inhumanitas curelty, inhumanity/ incivility inhumaniter discourteously inhumanus cruel, savage, barbarous, inhuman, uncivil inhumatus unburied inibi therein, in that place /(time) near at hand inicio inieci iniectum to throw on, put on, don /inspire inimicus personal enemy, foe, opponent iniquus unequal, unjust, unfair initium beginning, start, commencement, origin iniuria injury, damage, hurt /injustice, wrong iniustus unjust, inequitable, unfair innotesco to become know, noted innuo to give a nod to, give a sign to innuo to hint at, suggest, mean inobedio-ire disobident, disloyal inolesco to grow in or on inops poor, helpless, in need inquam I say inquis you say inquisitor juror, member of an inquest, trustee inquit he, she, it says inreto ensnared, entrapped, entangled inrideo to laugh at, mock, ridicule inritus irritus void, invalid, in vain, useless, ineffectual inruo irruo to rush in, fling in insania insanity, irrationality, madness, folly insanum foolish insciens unknowing, unaware, ignorant inscribo inscribe, entitle, enlist insensatus irrational insequor to follow, pursue, assail, reproach, rebuke inservio to be a slave, serve, be devoted to insideo sit upon something, be firmly placed insidiae treachery, ambush, plot, conspiracy insignio to put a mark upon, adorn, distinguish insinuo to insinuate, work one's way in, intimate insisto to enter upon [a journey] tread; (with d.) follow insolita unaccustomed, unusual insolitus unaccustomed /unusual, strange, uncommon insons insontis guiltless, innocent insperatus unexpected, unlooked for, unanticipated insquequo until instabilitas constant motion, restlessness instanter urgently instar a form, figure, after the fashion of, like instigo to goad, incite, stimulate, urge instituo to establish, found, institute instituo-ui-utum put in place, begin instituta apostolica canon law insto to pursue eagerly, devote oneself to instructus trained, taught instructus (from instruo) equipped, trained, supplied instruo prepare, provide /draw up an order of battle instruo to built in, set up, construct, furnish /train insuadibilis adamant, immovable, not to be persuaded insudo exert oneself in insula island Insula Lille insulto to leap at or on /revile, insult, deride insultus attack, assault insum to be in or on, contained in insumo get one's wish, obtain one's desire insumptuosus inexpensive, cheap, economical insuper as mentioned above insurgo insurgi insurrectum to rise up, rebel, revolt integer whole, untouched, unhurt, undamaged /complete intempestivus understanding, being understood intemporaliter eternally, without end intendo to extend, aim, direct, direct one's course intendo to stretch, strain, try to prove intenta earnestness, seriousness intentio effort, exertion, attention, intent / attack intentor informant intentus thorough, tense, anxious, strict inter between, among inter approximately, about, around, roughly inter canem et lupum at twilight interdico to forbid, prohibit, outlaw, gain an injunction interdico to place an interdict interdum sometimes, now and then, at times intereo to perish, die interfectio-onis a killing interfixus paved, made firm interpono to place between, interpose /intervene interrogatio interrogation, inquiry intertio arrest, seize, take into custody intervigilium a nap, a doze, forty winks intestina-us-um internal intolerabiliter unsupportably intorqueo twist, distort intrepidus eager, hot-blooded intro to walk into, enter, make one's way into introduco to lead in, introduce intueor to look at attentively, gaze at, consider intumesco to swell up, increase, swell with anger intus within inultus unavenged, unpunished inundantia flood, overflowing, inundation invado to undertake, go in, enter, get in invado to assail, usurp, seize, attack, fall upon invalesco to gather strength, become stronger invenio to come upon, find, discover inventor inventor, discoverer investigo to track down, investigate inveteratus hardened by age, of long-standing invetero to give duration, to render old invicem one after the other, by turns, mutually invictus unconquer, unconquerable, undefeated invideo to envy, be jealous of, look upon with envy invidia envy, jealousy, hatred /censure inviso to go to see, visit, inspect, look at invisus hated, hateful invito to invite, summon invitus unwilling, against one's will invocatio invocation, an invoking ioco iocor to joke, jest, make merry iocus joke, jest, jape, gag ipse ipsa ipsum himself, herself, itself ipsemet his own very self ira anger, wrath irascor iratus to be angry, to be wrathful iratus angry, wrathful irrito to irritate, exasperate, excite irritum nothingness, worthlessness, vanity irritus vain, useless, ineffectual, of not effect irritus undecided, void, unfixed, of no effect irruo to rush into, rush upon, attack is ea id this, that /he, she, it iste ista istud that /sometimes pejorative ita and so; (with adj. or adv.) so ita so, thus ita ut in such a way that itaque and, so, therefore item likewise, moreover iter itineris road, route, journey itero to repeat, say again, iterate iterum again, a second time, once more iubeo iussi iussum to order, command /tell someone to do iucunditas pleasure, charm iucundus agreeable, pleasant, gratifying iudex judge, juror iudicium judgment, decision, opinion, trial iudico to judge, consider iugis iuge perpetual, continuous iugo to bind together, connect, couple iugosus mountainous iugulum iugulus the throat iugum crossbar, beam of scales /crest, ridge iugum yoke /a team of oxen, a pair /bond iuguolo to cut the throat, butcher, kill, destroy iumentum beast of burden iunceus made of rushes iunctio connection, joining iunctura a joining, joint /rekationship, combination iunctus united, connected, joined together iuncus the rush iungo iunxi iunctum to join, unite, cinnect /yoke, harness /to mate iuniperus the juniper tree iuratus under oath iureiuro to swear an oath iurgium quarrel, altercation, brawl iurisdictio administration of justice, extent of competence iuro to swear, to make an oath ius iuris justice, law, right /broth, soup iussu at the command of, by order of iusta due forms /funereal rites iuste fairly, justly, rightly iustitia justice, fairness, equity iustum what is right iustus just, right, equitable, fair, lawful, proper iuvenalis iuvenilis youthful iuvenesco to reach the prime of life iuventus youth (between 20 and 45) iuvo to help, aid, assist /to please, delight iuxta just short of iuxta close to, near to/ (time) just before iuxta close by, near/ in like manner, equally iuxtim equally ivi past tense of eo jaceo-ere-ui to stand (that which is stated) jaculum dart, javelin judicium trial, legal investigation, judgement, decision judico to condemn, judge, try jugis continual, ceaseless, perennial, constant jugiter continually, perpetually, constantly / instantly jumentum draft animal juvenis young man, youth juventus the age of youth (20-40 years) juxta in a like manner, likewise labasco to give way, totter labecula a slight stain, minor disgrace labefacio labefeci labefactum to shake, loesen /impair labefacto to weaken, disturb /shake violently labellum a little lip /a small washing vessel labes labis stain, blemish, disgrace, infamy /misfortune labiosus having large lips labo to totter, sink, begin to fall labor hardip, fatigue, distress labor laboris labor, work, toil labor lapsus to slip, glide, slide labores solis eclipse of the sun laboriose laboriously, with great effort laboriosus toilsome, laborious /(persons) industrious laboro to work, toil, suffer, be afflicted labrum lip, edge, rim /bathing tub labrusca wild grape vine labruscum the wild grape lac lactis milk lacer torn, mangled, cut to pieces laceratio a tearing, mangling lacero to tear to pieces lacerta lizard lacertosus muscular, powerful lacertus the upper arm /strength lacesso to harass, attack lacrima tears /exudations from some plants lacrima Heliandum amber lacrimabilis lamentable, deplorable, woeful lacrimo to weep, shed tears /exude, drip lacrimosus tearful, mournful, shedding tears lactans giving milk lactatio enticement, come-on lacteus milky, of milk, milk-white lacto to allure, entice, wheedle lactuca lettuce lacuna a hole, empty space /pond, pool /deficiency lacuna missing letters, words lacunar panelled ceiling lacus a hollow /lake, pool, pond, troough, tank, tub laedo ledo strike, hit, hurt, damage, offend, annoy laesio lesio rhetorical attack /wounding laetabilis letabilis joyous, glad laetans rejoicing, joyous laetatio letatio rejoicing, joy laetifico letifico to fertilize /cheer, galdden, delight laetificus letificus gladdening, joyous, spreading happiness laetitia joy, gladness, delight laetitia letitia leticia fertility /richness, grace /joy, delight laeto leto to cheer, gladden, make joyful laetor letor to rejoice, be joyful laeve leve left-handedly, awkwardly laevus levus the left hand, left side, left-handed laevus levus foolish, silly /unlucky, unpropitious laganum a cake lama bog, slough lambo to lick /(of rivers) to wash lamenta (neut. pl) weeping, wailing lamentabilis lamentable, mournful lamentatio weeping, wailing, lamenting lamentor to weep, wail, lament /(trans.) to bewail lamia witch, vampire lamnia lammina lamna sheet of metal, coin, knife blade, nutshell laniatus a tearing, ripping, mangling, mutilating lanx dish, platter, plate lapsus fall, fault, error, sliding, gradual movement laqueum noose, halter, snare, trap laqueus snare, trap, noose largior lavish, bestow, grant, give abindantly lascivio to run riot, play, be wanton lasesco to become tired, grow weary late broadly, widely, extensively latenter secretly, in a concealed manner latito to lie hidden, be concealed latrator a barker (such as a dog) latratus barking latro to bark, bay / rant /runble, roar latro hunter latrocinor serve as a mercenary / to rob, steal latrunculus highwayman, robber, brigand latus broad, wide, extensive latus -eris sides, flank / lungs laudabilis praiseworthy, laudable laudabiliter in a laudable fashion laudatio praise, commendation laudator praiser laudo to praise, extoll, commend /name, mention, cite Laudunum Laon laureatus crowned with laurel, laureate laureola a laurel branch, crown of laurel / victory laurifer carrying laurel, crowned with laurel / tiumphant laurus the laurel, bay tree / triumph, victory, success laus praise, glory, fame lautitia splendor, elegance lautumiae stone quarry lautus washed, bathed, cleaned / fine, elegant, refined lauvabrum a bath lavatio washing, bathing lavo to wash, bathe/ moisten, get wet / wash away laxamentum a widening, expansion / rest, respite laxe widely, loosely / unrestrained laxitas wideness, expansiveness, roominess laxo sell formally, give up, loosen / widen, extend laxo to relieve / release, set free laxus wide, spacious /later, postponed / lax, loose lea lioness lebes copper kettle, basin, cauldron lectica litter, bier lectio selection, picking out / reading, perusal lector reader lectulus a small bed, cot lectus bed, couch legatarius legatee legatio office of legate / office of ambassador legatus deputy, ambassador, envoy / commander of a legion legens a reader legio a selection / chosen body / legion legitiums lawful, licit, right, proper, legitimate lego to gather, choose, collect, pass through legumen a bean, pea, legume lemiscus a ribbon lemma theme, title, epigram lemures ghosts, phantoms lenimentus alleviation, impreovement, mitigation lenio to mitigate, relieve, make better lenis smooth /gentle, kind, mild lenitas lenitudo smoothness, gentleness, mildness leno procurer, go-between lenocinium enticement, allurement lenocinor to pander, flatter, make up to /to promote lente slowly, calmly, cooly, deliberately lentesco to become soft, flexible, sticky /to weaken lentitudo slowness, sluggishness / apathy lento to bend lentulus rather slow, a little slow lentus lethargic, inactive /slow, lingering lentus tough, resistant, tenacious /supple, pliant / leo lion Leodie Liege Leodium Liege lepide charminly, wittily, elegantly, pleasantly lepidus charming, witty, pleasant, elegant lepor lepos charm, wit, elegance lepus hare, rabbit Lesciense; monastery of Liessies letalis mortal, deadly, fatal letaliter mortally, fatally letanie litany lethargus drowsiness, apathy, sleepiness, coma letifer deadly, mortal leto to kill, slay letum death, ruin, annihilation levamen alleviation, mitigation, solace, refreshment levamentum comfort, easing, alleviation, consolation levatio alleviation, mitigation, solace leviculus empty-headed, vain, silly levidensis thin, slight, poor levis light, slight, trivial /beardless levis rapid, swift /unimpotant /fickle levitas lightness, levity /fickleness leviter lightly, softly, slightly levo to raise, lift up /relieve, ease /diminish levo to smooth, polish lex legis law, statute /covenant, agreement libatio libation libellus little book libenter willingly, with pleasure liber child, offspring liber libera; liberum free, independent, unrestricted liber libri book liberalis courteous, generous, gentlemanly liberaliter courteously, generously, honorably liberatio release, liberation, aquittal, setting free libere freely, openly, frankly libero to lift (an obstacle), raise libero to set free, deliver, liberate, release /exempt libertas freedom, liberty, independence / frankness libido whim, caprice, violent desire licens unimpeded, free, unrestrained, unchecked licentia license, leave, authorization /freedom licentio to authorize, permit, dismiss liceo to be valued at, be for sale liceor to offer a price, to offer to buy, bid, proffer licet granted that, although licet granted that, although / it is allowed licet it is right, just licitus permitted, allowed lift tondeo totonsi tonsum shave, shear, clip, mow, reap, browse ligamen string, thread ligatio imprisonment, bondage, captivity, servitude lignarius carpenter lignator wood-cutter ligo to bind, tie lima file, polishing, revision limen limina threshold lingua language, tongue, speech lino to smear, befoul, dirty linteum linnen, napkin liquidus fluid, flowing, liquid / clear, evident, certain litigo to quarrel, dispute littera letter (of the alphabet) litterae letter, epistle, missive, note /literature loci passages in literary works loco to place, put, position locupleto to enrich, make wealthy locus place, location, situation, spot. [monastery] loginquitas distance, remoteness, isolation longe far longe lateque far and wide longus long loquax talkative, loquacious, garrulous loquor to say, speak, tell, declare lorica hauberk [a coat of chain mail] loricatus wearing armor, armored lubricus oily, slippery, slick lucerna lamp lucidus shining, bright, clear lucinaria lamp lucror to gain, profit, win lucrosus profitable, gainful lucrum gain, profit luctisonus sad-sounding, mournful, baleful luctus lamentation, mourning, grief ludio actor, player ludo to play, sport /imitate, banter /delude, deceive ludus game, sport, school lues plague, pestilence, calamity lugeo to mourn, be in mourning, grieve/(tans lumen light, lamp luminare window shutter luminarium light, lamp luminosus bright luna moon lunatus crescent-shaped lupus wolf Lutosensis Leuze lux lucis light luxuria luxury, extravagance, opulence macellarius butcher, slaughter-house macer thin, lean macero to soften, weaken, reduce, torment macies thiness, gauntness /poverty barrenness macresco to become lean, skinny, thin mactabilis deadly, lethal macto to magnify, glorify, honor /slay, fight, punish macula stain, mark, spot/ blemish, fault, flaw maculo to stain, blemish, defile, pollute maculosus spotted, speckled, poluted madesco to get wet madide drunkenly madidus wet, moist, soaked, boiled, soft, drunk, dyed mador maero to grieve, sorrow maeror meror mourning, grief, sorrow magis more, to a greater extent, rather, for preference magister master, canon / master of a school, professor magnopere magnus opere very, very much magnus maior maximus large, great, important magus magical maiestas majesty, dignity, greatness maiores ancestors Malbodiensis Maubeuge male peius pessime badly, ill, wrongly malens preferring maligo-are to do/contrive evil Malmundarium Malmedy malo to choose, prefer malo mallui malus to choose, prefer malum evil, misfortune, misdeed, crime, injury, damage malus peior pessimus bad, wicked, evil mancipo mancepo to sell formally, turn over, give into charge mandatum order, decree, mandate, instruction mandatum commission, charge, entrust mando to commit, entrust, order, command mane morning, early in the morning, early manentia permanency maneo to remain, stay, stay the night, last, endure mano to flow mansuetus mild, soft, gentle manus manus hand, band, handwriting Marcieniensis Marchiennes mare maris sea maritus husband marmoreus like marble maro to apply marl to the soil martyr-yris martyr martyrium n, martyrdom mater matris mother matera vat for the fermentation of beer materia material, substance, matter matertera maternal aunt matrimonium marriage maxime greatly, exceedingly, to the highest degree maxime especially, particularly, principally medicor to heal, cure medicus doctor, physician medie moderately mediocris ordinary, average, fair, moderate, mediocre meditatio practice, preparation meditor to reflect upon, consider, ponder /practice medium everyday life, the common good, the public eye medius middle, the middle of, central, midst mei my mel mellis honey melior better mellitus honeyed, sweet as honey membrana thin skin, film, parchment, membrane memini meminisse to remember memor mindful, remembering, grateful, thoughful memoratus mentioned memoria memory, remembrance, recall, recollection mendiosus full of mistakes, shot with errors mendosus faulty, full of faults mendum menda fault, blemish, mistake, error mens mentis mind, thought, intention, intellect mensa table mensis mensis month merces mercedis pay, reward, recompense, compensation mereo deserve, gain, obtain, serve as a soldier mereo mereor deserve, earn, be entitled to, merit meretrix meretricis prostitute, whore, harlot meridianus midday, afternoon, south messis the harvest, in-bringing, crop messor reaper, harvester mestitia misfortune? Metim Metz metuo to fear, dread, be frightened metus fear, dread, anxiety meus my mica crumb, morsel, grain /small loaf micans twinkling, sparkling, shining, gleaming, flashing michina nostril mico glitter, gleam, shine, sparkle, flash, be bright mico to serve /quiver, shake, palpitate miles militis soldier, warrior, knight milia thousands militaris -e of a soldier, military, martial militus ground, milled (of grain) mille a thousand millies milies a thousand times minae battlements, parapets /threats, menaces minagium duty of the sale of grain miniatus damaged, diminished, lessened, decreased minime in the least degree, very little/not at all minimus least, smallest, slightest ministro to serve, wait upon, provide, supply ministro to attend, wait upon, assist minor smaller, less, slighter minuo to draw blood, let blood, to bleed (someone) minuo minui minutum to less, diminish, decrease, grow smaller minutor miner miracula a miracle play miraculose miraculously mire wonderfully, mervellously, uncommonly mirifice wonderfuly, marvelously, extraordinarily miro to wonder miror to marvel at, admire, wonder mirus wonderful, astonishing, extraordinary misceo miscui mixtum to mix, mingle, blend miser wretched, unfortunate, miserable miserabile sadly, mournfully, wretchedly miserabilis sad, wretched, mournful, plaintive misere wretchedly, miserably misereo to pity misericordia pity, mercy missa holy mass mitesco to grow mild, ameliorate mitigo to make mild or ripe, make smooth, pacify mitis mild, gentle /ripe, mature mitto to send, dispatch modestus orderly, within bounds, moderate, restrained modica moderate, within bounds, limited modicus ordinary, undistinguished, within bounds modio a grain measure, a bushel basket modo now, just now, only modo...modo at one time ... at another modus measure, bound, limit /manner, method, mode, way moenia walls, fortifications of a city /ramparts /castle Moguntium Mainz moleste take annoyance molestia annoyalce, troublesomeness /stiffness molestus troublesome, disagreeable, annoying molior to build, erect, construct, contrive, toil mollio to soften, make pliant mollis soft, pliant, flexible, easily moved, gentle monachus monk monasterium monastery, abbey, convent moneo to warn, admonish, remind, advise, instruct monitio admonition, warning mons montis mountain, mount monstro to show, appoint, point out, ordain, appoint monstrum portent, omen, monster mora delay moratlis mortal morbus sickness, disease, illness mores; morium ways, conduct, character, morals morior to die, wither away, decay mors mortis death morsus a biting, bite, also, sting, pain mortalitas the state of being mortal/ death, a dying mortifera deadly things mortuus dead, deceased, passed away, gone West, departed motus-us motion (earth quake) moveo moti motum to move, arouse, affect, influence mox soon, presently, then, thereupon mucro a sharp point, edge, dagger point mugio to groan, bellow, roar, low mulier woman multi many, numerous /the common herd multiplex manifold, many-fold, many times / tortuous multipliciter in many ways, in various ways multo by much, by far, by a great deal, by a lot multum much, greatly multus much, great multus plus plurimum much, a lot mundo to clean mundus clean, neat, elegant mundus world, universe munero/munerior to give, present munimentum fortification, protection, defenses munio to fortify, defend, protect /build a road munitio fortifying, defense works, bridging munus service, office, function, duty /gift mus muris mouse mussito to grumble, mutter mutatio change, alteration, transformation muto punish, fine, mulct muto to change, alter /exchange mutuo borrowed, lend mutuus interchanged, mutually, reciprocal / reciprocity mutuus a loan nam for, for example, instance nam but now, on the other hand /surely Namucense Namur narro to make known, say, speak, narrate nascor nasci natus to be born, spring forth natalis natalis birthday natio nation, people natio nationis nation, race, people, breed /pagan people natu by birth natura nature nauta sailor navale ship's station, dockyard navigatio voyage, navigation navigo to sail, navigate navis navis ship, vessel, boat navitas energy, get up and go ne that ... not, in order that ... not ne ... quidem not ... even nebulosus misty, foggy nec conj, and not nec ... nec neither nor nec tamen and yet ... not necdum (neque dum) and not yet necessarius necessary, needed, essential, necessary necesse necessary, unavoidable, indispensable necne or not necnon and also neco to kill, slay, put to death necto to tie up, bind, fasten nefas wrong, sin nego to deny, refuse a request negotium employment, business, task, occupation, pains nemo no one, nobody nemorosus wooded, covered with trees, forested neo to spin, interweave. (to spin thread and yarn) nepos nepotis grandson nequam worthless, good for nothing, bad nequaquam by no means, not at all neque ... neque neither ... nor neque nec and not, nor nequeo not to be able, to be impossible nequequam by no means, not at all nequiter wretchedly nequitia nequities worthlessness, badness, wickedness nescio to be ignorant, be unaware, not know nichilominus nevertheless nidor vapor, smell, reek, odor niger black nihil nothing nihildom nothing as yet nihilominus nevertheless nihilominus nichilominus nevertheless, notwithstanding nihilum nothing nimirum of course, undoubtedly nimis adv. too much, overmuch, excessively nimis too much, overmuch, excessively nimium too much, overmuch, excessively nisi if not, unless, except niteo to shine, glitter, be bright, glow, be sleek nitesco to begn to shine /to grow fat or sleek nitesco to begin to shine, grow sleek nitidus bright, shining /fat, sleek /flowering nitor to rest, lean, support oneself / trust in nitor to strive, exert oneself, make an effort nitor splendor, glow, elegance, brilliance, brightness nitor brillance, brightness, glow, elegance, splendor Nivellensem Nivelles, city and monastery niveus white, snowy nixor to lean against /strive, strain, labor, struggle nixus strain, effort no to swim, float, fly, sail no being done, made nobis us /the world belongs to US nocens bad, wicked, injurious, culpable, evil noceo do harm, inflict injury noceo to do harm to, inflict injury, hurt nolo to be unwilling, wish not to, refuse nomen name nomen Romanorum Roman power nominatim by name, expressly nomine tenus nominally, in name non not nondum not yet nonnisi not? not unless? nonnullus some /pl. several nonnumquam sometimes nonus ninth nosco to become acquainted with, get to know noster nostra nostrum our, ours nota mark, token, note, sign notabilis noteworthy, notable, notorious notarius stenographer (class.), notary, legal scribe noto-are make note, mark down novem nine novitas newness, novelty, strangeness novo to make anew, refresh, revive, change, alter novus novel, unusual, extraordinary /news, novelty novus new, fresh, young, inexperienced, revived nox noctis night nullus not any, no, none numerus total, category, class, number numquam at no time, never nunc now, at the present time, soon, at this time nunc quidem at one time...then nuncupo to call, proclaim nunquam never nuntio to announce, report, relate nuntium-i messenger nuntius messenger, message nuper newly, recently, not long ago nusquam nowhere nusquam nowhere, in no place, nothing, for nothing nusquam esse not to exist nutrimens food, nourishment nutrimentus nourishment nutrio to suckle, nourish, bring up, rear nutus a nod, command, will / gravitation nutus a nodding, nod, command, will obdormio to fall asleep obduco to draw over, cover/ lead against / pass, spend obduro to be hard, persist, endure, last, hold out obicio obieci obiectum to offer, throw in someone's teeth obligatus bound, under an obligation obliquo to turn sideways, turn aside oblittero to cancel, blot out oblivio forgetfulness, oblivion obruo to overwhelm, destroy obsequium indulgence, pliancy, submission obses hostage, security, pledge, surety obsideo to sit near /haunt, frequent /besiege, invest obsido blockage, besiege, invest obstinatus firm, resolved, staunch obtestor to implore, entreat, beg, call as a witness obtineo to hold, keep, possess, maintain /to continue obviam in the way, on the way, toward obviam on the way, in the way /(+ dat.) towards obviam ire to go to meet, oppose /help, remedy obvius on the way, in the way / (in dat.) open obvolvo to wrap up, cover occasio favorable moment, opportunity occasus setting (of the sun, etc)/ the west /fall occatio harrowing occidio slaughter, massacre occido to fall, fall down/ (for the sun) to set occisor murderer occludo to close, shut up, close off occulco to trample (down) occulte secretly, in secret, by stealth occulto to hide, conceal, cover occultus hidden, concealed /secretly occumbo to fall, topple, drop /fall dead occupo to take possession, grasp, seize, enjoy occuro to occur, come about, happen occurro to occur / run to meet, attack /oppose occursus a meeting ocius quick. fleet, sooner, faster oculus eye odio to hate, despite, hold in contempt odium hatred odorus keen scenter, sharp nosed oestrus horse-fly, frenzy offa lump, swelling /pellet, shot /mass of something offendo to knock, hit, strike /shock, offend offensio striking, knocking, hitting against, blow offensus collision, shock /dislike, displeasure offero to bring forward, place before, present, offer officina workshop, factor officiosus respectful, attentive officium duty, service, job olim at that time, formerly, once omitto to omit, leave out /let go omitto to let slip, lose, pardon omnigenus of all kinds omnino altogether, entirely, wholly, certainly omnipotens all-powerful, almighty, omnipotent omnis all, every onero to load, burden, oppress, fil up onus load, burden, weight, trouble / charge opera work, pains, labor operor to work, labor, toil, take pains opes means, wealth, abundance, riches opinio opinion, report, rumor, conjecture, report opinor to be of the opinion of opisthotonos A disease where the body is curved backward oporotheca place for keeping fruit oportet imper v., to assume it shall be, reasonable oportet it is fitting, it is proper, reasonable, becoming oportet it is proper, one should, one ought oportunitas convenience, fitness, advantage, opportunity oppono opposui oppositum to set against, oppose, be opposite opportune opportunely, conveniently opportunitas fitness, suitability, convenience, advantage opportunus opportune, fit, convenient, suitable opprimo oppressi oppressum to suppress, overwhelm, overpower, check opprobrium reproach, disgrace oppugno to fight against, attack, assault, assail optimates the aristocratic party optimus one of the best, aristocrat, noble opto to desire, wish for, want opulens rich, wealthy / powerful, mighty / splendid opulente richly, wealthily opulentia riches, wealth / power, might / opulence opus operis work, labor, work done, completed work, building opusculus a little or small work, a small book ora edge, rim, border, boundary / coast, coast-line ora region, clime, district oraculum a solemn statement, oracle, prophecy oratio speech, address, oration orator orator, speaker. spokesman, envoy, ambassador oratorie oratorically oratorius oratorical / oratory oratu by request orbis circle, orb, ring, disk, orbit orbis lacteus the Milky Way orbis signifer the Zodiac orbis terrarum the world, the Earth orbita a wheel rut orbitas bereavement, loss of children, loss of parents orbus deprived of children or parents orca a pot or jar orchas a type of olive orchestra theater space reserved for the Senate / senators ordinarius according to order, regular, ordinary ordinatim regularly, ordinarily ordinatio rule, government, order, arrangment, regulation ordinatus arranged, orderly ordine; ordinem regularly, appropriately, properly ordino to set in order, regulate, arrange ordior to begin, start (esp. of speaking) ordo rank, class, order orexis appetite, desire organum instrument, musical instrument orgia a festival of mysteries, orgy orichalcum copper ore / brass oriens rising, the rising sun / east / morning origo origin, start, source, beginning / ancestor orior rise, become visible, appear orior oriri ortus rise, become visible, appear oris face, countenance, sight / expression oriundus arising from, springing from, coming from ornamentum weapons / honor, distinction ornamentum equipment, kit ornate splendidly, ornately, elegantly ornatus dress, attire, equipment, ornament orno to equip, furnish, supply / decorate, adorn ornus mountain ash oro to speak, argue, plead, orate, beg, entreat orsa beginning, start, undertaking / first few words orsus a beginning, undertaking, initiative ortus birth, origin, rising / origin, source oryx gazelle, wild goat oryza rice os a bone os mouth, opening, source / a mask ostendo show, reveal, present, make plain, declare ostendo to show, to exhibit ostium entrance, door otium free time, leisure, ease, peace, repose ovis ovis sheep paciscor to make a bargain or agreement, covenant, deal paciscor to make an agreement, covenant, pact pactum treaty, pact, contract pactum agreement, contract, covenant, pact pactus agreed-upon, stipulated, betrothed paecipio to warn, admonish /teach, instruct paene; pene nearly, almost paganus countryman, peasant, pagan pagatim in vilages, in a village manner, in a rusticway pala spade, peel for putting bread in the oven palam openly, publicly, in the presence of palea chaff palestra gymnasium, wrestling school paliurus a plant, Christ's thorn pallens pale, wan, pale yellow, pale green /weak palleo be pale, be yellow pallesco grow pale at pallidus pale, wan; causing paleness pallium coverlet, mantle, cloak pallor paleness, fading palma palm palmarium excellent, splendid, outstanding palmula blade of an oar palor to wander, stray, err palpito throb, tremble, shake palpo carress, stroke /coax, cajole, flatter paludosus swampy, marshy, boggy palus pale, stake /swamp, bog, marsh paluster marshy, swampy, boggy pando to stretch out, spread out, extend pandus curved, crooked, arched, bowed pango to fix, hammer in, drive in, fasten panis bread pannus rag, patch, piece of cloth panthera leopard, panther papas tutor papaver poppy papilla teat, breast, nipple pappo to eat papula a pimple par equal, like paratus prepared, ready, equipped; (of persons) skilled paratus preparation, fitting out, equipment parce moderately, economically parco avoid, spare, keep oneself from parco to spare, refrain from injuring parcus sparing, thrifty, economical, moderate pardus panther, leopard parens parent pareo to be obedient to, obey paries parietis wall (of a house) parilis similar, like, equal pariter alike, at the same time, together pariter equally, in like manner, as well paro to prepare, get ready/ set, put/ furnish pars partis part, share /direction partim partly /some parum too little, too few, not enough parum minus minime little, too little, not enough parumper for a short time, for a little while, for a bit parvulus child, infant, young, little /very small, tiny parvus minor minimus small, little pasco to graze, forage, browse passer sparrow passim far and wide, everywhere patefacio to disclose, expose, open, make open patella dish, platter, plate pateo to be revealed, to stand open, to be clear pateo to be open, be exposed pater patris father paterna of a father, paternal, native paternus of a father, paternal, native patesco to be laid open, bare, exposed, to be revealed patibilis endurable, bearable, sufferable patiens patient /(+ gen.) capable of enduring patientia patience, suffering, endurance patina a dish patior to suffer, endure, permit patria fatherland, one's native country, homeland patricius a nobleman patrocinor to protect, defend, support, patronize patronus patron, protector patruus paternal uncle pauci few, a few, some paulatim gradually, litle by little paulisper for a little while, for a short time paululum very small, very little pauper beggar, person without means pauper poor, with few means, poverty-stricken paupertas beggardry, poverty, humble circumstances pax pacis peace pax pacis peace, truce, treaty peccamen sin, fault, error peccatus sin pecco to do wrong, err, sin, go astray pecto to comb, card, thrash (to card wool) pectus heart, breast peculium a bit of money, a small property pecunia money pecuniosus rich, wealthy profitable, lucrative pecus a single head of cattle pedes going on foot, walking /foot-soldier, infantryman peior worse (see malus) pello pepulli pulsum to hit, beat /exile, drive away, banish peloris a clam pelvis font pendeo to hang, depend, be suspended /be uncertain pendo to weigh, value, consider, judge, esteem penetrabilis capable of being penetrated / penetrating penetralis interior, inner rooms penetralis passing through, penetrating / internal, inner / penetranter deeply, penetratingly, searchingly penetro to put into, pass through, penetrate penicullus a painter's brush, pencil, stylus peniculus a sponge, brush penintentiarius confessor, penintentiary penis tail penitens a penitent penitentia penance penitio to do penance penitus accurately, thoroughly, wholly, entirely penitus inside, widely, through and through penitus inward, inner, internal, interior penna feather, wing pennatus winged, with feathers penniger winged, with feathers pennipes wing-footed, swift, fleet pennipotens capable of flight pennipotenti birds pensilis hanging pensio a weighing out / paying, payment pensito to weigh carefully, weigh out / pay / ponder penso to weigh out / estimate, ponder penuria lack, want, penury penuriosus penurious, poor, poverty-stricken penus; us provisions, supplies, victuals peplum robe of state per through, with, by per because of, on account of per through, along per throughout, during per very, excessively, quite per antea before, formerly per sic quod on condition that, with the understanding that pera wallet, purse, bag peractio completion, finishing, end peracto to carry through, complete, accomplish peraeque quite equally peragito to harass, push around perago to prosecute to the end perago to harass, disturb / mention / complete peragro to wander through, travel through percipio percepi perceptum to gain, learn, perceive, understand percontor percunctor inquire, interrogate, investigate perculsus a shock percutio (percussum) to strike hard, pierce, transfix /shock perdignus very worthy perditio loss, destruction perdo to lose, destroy perdo to destroy, ruin, waste, scatter, squander perduco to lead through, conduct, carry through perduco perduxi bring through, spread over peregrinus wanderer, foreigner, stranger / pilgrim pereo to pass away, be destroyed, perish perfectus complete, finished, done /perfect, without flaw perfero to bear, suffer, endure perfero pertulit to endure, undergo perficio to do thoroughly, accomplish, bring about perfidia treachery, faithlessness perfidiosus treacherous, faithless perfringo to break through, penetrate /shatter perfruor to execute completely, enjoy to the full perfusus steeped, soaked, drenched pergo to continue, proceed, go on with periclitatus put in peril, endangered periclitor to test make a trial, put in peril, endanger periculosus hazardous, dangerous periculum danger, risk perimo peremi peremptum to destroy peritus skilled, expert periurium perjury, oath-breaking, foreswearing an oath perlustro to pass through, survey, look, examine permaximum the very greatest permeo to pass through permitto permissi permissum to allow, permit, let permoveo to excite, agitate, stir up, move perniciosus pernicious, destructive perperam wrongly, falsely perpetro to complete, accomplish, perform perpetuus perpetual, lasting, continuous, uninterrupted perscitus very clever, exceedingly sharp perscribo to write out, write down, place on record perseco to cut through, dissect, cut away persequor to persecute, hunt down, track, trail persequor persequi persecutus to follow, pursue, take revenge perseverantia perseverence, persistence persevero to persist, persevere, continue persisto to persist, persevere persolvo to unloose, explain, expound /pay off a debt persona actor's mask, part, role /character, personality persona one holding an honor, official personam gero to act a part perspicuus transparent, bright, clear, evident persto to persist, remain firm persuadeo persuasi persuasum to persuade perterreo to terrify pertimesco to become very much afraid pertinacia firmness, obstinacy, stubborness pertinaciter stubbornly, obstinately pertinax persistent, firm, mean, stubborn, obstinate pertineo to pertain to, relate to, concern pertingo to stretch out, extend pertorqueo to twist, distort pertraho to drag, forcibly conduct, entice, allure perturbo to disturb, trouble, perturb, disrupt perturpis very disgraceful peruro perussi perustum to burn up, consume /inflame, gall, chafe pervalidus very strong pervenio to reach, attain, reach, be passed to perverto perverti perversum to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow pervideo pervidi pervisum to look over, survey, inspect, discern pes pedis foot pessimus worst (see malus) pessum to the ground, to the bottom, downward pessum dare to destroy, ruin, wreck pessum ire to sink, be ruined, destroyed, be put to an end pestifer pestilential, injurious, damaging, plaguey pestifere destructively, injurously pestilencia pestilence, plague pestis pestis plague, epidemic, pestilence /destruction, curse petitus inclining toward peto to make for, go to, seek, strive after peto to ask for, beg, request, demand / to sue for Pevela Pevele, near Cisoing pharetra a quiver phasma phasmatis ghost, spirit, specter philologus scholar, learned man / adj. learned, literary phthisis consumption, tuberculosus physiologus a natural science pia pium honest, godly, holy, pious, dutiful, patriotic piaculum a victim, sacrifice, atonement, punishment /a sin pica jay, magpie picea the spruce tree pictor painter picturatus painted / of cloth, embroidered picus woodpecker pie adv, piously, religiously pietas dutifulness, dutiful comduct, piety, devotion piger pigra pigrum lazy, slow, dull pignus pawn, pledge, token pilo to shave, sut the hair pilosus hairy, covered with hair pilum heavy javelin pilus a single hair /a trifle pinetum pine wood pingo to paint, embroider, draw /stain, dye /decorate pinguesco to grow fat, sleek pinguis fat, oily, rich, sleek, fertile pinguitudo fatness, rotundity piper; piperis pepper pipio to chirp, tweet, pipe pirum pear pirus pear tree piscator fisherman piscis piscis fish pius dutiful, godly, holy, upright, kind, honest placeo to please, be agreeble to placet it is agreed, it is resolved, it seems good placide quitely, gently placidus quiet, still, gentle placitum accord, agreement, pact /assembly for judgment placitum judgment, case/ plea, litigation / defense placo to placate, appease plaga a blow, stroke, wound, buffet plaga district, zone, region plaga plague (Vulgate), affliction, scourge plagiarius kidnapper, plagiarist plane plainly, clearly plango planxi planctum to strike, beat /bewail, mourn platea street, courtyard plaustrum wagon, cart plebs plebis the common people, the masses, the crowd plecto to punish plector to be punished plene completely, wholly, fully plenus full, complete, full, satisfied, rich, mature plerumque for the most part, generally, commonly, mostly plerusque very many, a great number, a large part plico to fold plorabilis deplorable ploratio lamentation, mourning, weeping plorator a lamenter ploratus weeping, lamenting ploro to lamen, weep, weep over pluit it is raining, a shower is falling pluma feather /featherbed /pen plumbeus leaden, made of lead /dull, stupid, heavy plumbum lead, a bullet, lead pipe plumbum album tin pluo to rain, shower, sprinkle plura more numerous, several, many plures more numerous, several, many pluries often, frequently plurimi at the highest price, of the highest worth plurimus most, very many pluris at a higher price, of a great value plus more plusculus somewhat more, rather more pluvia rain, shower pluvialis pertaining to rain, of rain pocius potius rather, preferrably poema poematis poem, verse, rhyme poena pain, punishment, penalty poeta poet polenta pearl barley, barley groats pollen fine flour, fine meal polleo to be strong, powerful, able pollex thumb, big toe polliceor to promise, offer pollicitus promised, a promise pomum fruit, apple pondera balance, equilibrium pondero to weigh, consider, reflect pondus a pound's weight /weight, mass, load /heavy body pono posui positum to lay, place, put, set /(milit.) post, station pons pontis bridge populatio devastation, wasting /population populus people, the people, nation, crowd, multitude porro forward, further, next, in turn porta gate, entrance posco to call upon, ask ernestly, request positus position, place, arrangment possessio possession, property possum posse potum to be able, avail, have influence post after, behind post modum afterwards, presently, shortly postea afterwards posteri posterity posterus; postremo subsequent, following, next, future posthabeo to put after, consider of less account postpono to put after, consider secondary postquam after postulatio a demand, request, desire /complaint postulator plaintiff, complainant postulo to complain /contain, measure /need, require postulo to ask, demand, require /summon, prosecute potens able, mighty, powerful, strong potentia might, power, authority potestas power, ability, authority /opportunity potior to possess, hold potissimum chiefly, most of all potissimus best of all, chief, principal potius in order that, rather potius rather, preferably prae before, in front of prae dulcis exceedingly sweet prae pre before, in front prae quam in comparison with prae se ferre / pre se ferre to show, exhibit, on account of praebeo to show oneself, present oneself praebeo to offer, hold out, supply, provide, allow praecedo to go, result praecedo to precede, go before /surpass, excell praecelsus exceedingly high praecepio precept, preconception praeceptum precept praecido to cut short, lop, mutilate praecipio to instruct, advise, warn, anticipate praecipue especially praecipue especially, chiefly praeclarus excellent, famous, beautiful, striking praeconor to be a public crier, to herald, proclaim praecox ripe beforehand, premature praeda plunder, booty, spoils of war, loot, gain, prey praedicare to preach praedicatio preaching (s), foretelling (s), condemning praedico to warn, admonish, instruct, foretell praeeo to go before praefatus-i before mentioned praefero anticipate, carry by, ride by praefero to carry in front, display, prefer praefinio to appoint ahead of time praefoco to choke, suffocate praegravo to press heavily upon, weigh down, oppress praeire to go before praemitto to send forward, dispatch, send in advance praemium reward, prize praemo to press down, strike down praenuntio to foretell, announce before hand praenuntius foretelling, harbinger, omen, token praeparo to prepare, ready, make ready, arrange praepono to set over, prefer praepositus prepositus prior praeproperus preproperus over-hasty, precipitate praesentia presentia presence, presence of mind, effect, power praesidium presidium guard, garrison, detachment /protection praesieo-sedi-ere to sit before, preside, command praestans prestans excellent, distingished, imminent praestantia prestantia superiority, excellence praesto to stand before, be outstanding, excell, surpass praesto presto to answer for, be responsible for praesto presto to do, perform, display, fulfill, offer, present praestolatio prestolatio the waiting for, expectation praesul presul dancer /presider, protector, director praesum to be before praesum presum to be at the head of, be in charge of praesumo presumo to anticipate, take for granted praeter beyond, after praeter except; prep. + acc., besides, beyond praeterea besides, moreover, as indeed it is praeterea besides, further, hereafter praetereo to pass over, pass by, omit praeteritus past praetermissio neglect, passing over, omission praetorgredior to pass betond, go beyond praevenio get the start of praevenio; prevenio to come before, anticipate praevius previous, former pravitas crookedness, depravity, deformity, perversity pravus depraved, wicked, evil, perverse precipio to anticipate, instruct, advise, warn precipue especially, particularly, chiefly precipue chiefly, especially, particularly precipuus excellent, distinguished, special, extraordinary precor to pray, beg, entreat, invoke prehendo to seize, snatch, grasp, detain, arrest premo squeeze, press down, strike down premo pressi pressum to squeeze, press down, strike down prenda booty, loot, stolen goods prepositus reeve, steward, provost, prior, abbot presertim praesertim especially, chiefly pretereo to go by, pass by, escape pretium price, vaue, reward prevenire to come to, go before hand, attend prex precis request, entreaty, prayer primitus first, for the first time primo first, at first, at the beginning, at the start primordia atoms primordium first beginning, origin primoris first, foremost, at the top, uppermost primoris first, foremost /most distinguished, first primum as soon as possible primum at first, for the first time, in the first place princeps chief, prince principatus rule, dominion, pre-eminence, first place principium beginning prior former, prior priores forefathers, ancestors priscus ancient, antique, former, old days, venerable pristinus former, venerable, ancient prius before, formerely priusquam before privatus private, unofficial, a private person privigna step-daughter privo to deprive privus deprived of pro in return for, instead of /for, as pro eo because of the fact, because, for this reason probatur from probo-are, to judge, test, examine probitas probity, uprightness, honesty probo to show, prove, demonstrate, approve, find good procedo to go ahead, proceed, advance, continue procedo to go out, come out /result procella storm, tempest, gale; (milit) charge, onset procer chief noble, prince procinctu prepared or ready for battle procul far, at, to, from a distance procuratio management, administration, diretion procurator manager, bailiff, agent procuro to take care of, manage prodeo advance, go forward, appear, go forth prodico to put off, delay prodigentia profusion, prodigiality prodigialiter amazingly, wonderfully prodigiosus unnatural, wonderful, miraculous, amazing prodigium prodigy, portent / monster, unnatural thing prodigo drive forth, waste, spend, expend prodigus rich, extravagant, abound in, profuse proditio treason, betrayal proditio betrayal, treason proditor traitor, betrayer prodo deliver, transmit, hand over prodo publish, bring forth, appoint /abandon, betray prodoceo teach, inculcate, indoctrinate prodromus forerunner producto produxi productum promote, divulge, bring to light producto produxi productum produce, bring forward, bring out proeliator warrior proeliator preliator fighter, warrior, combatant proelium battle profano profane, desecrate profanus not sacred, uninitiated, ordinary, common profectio departure, source, origin profecto truly, really, indeed profero to enlarge, extend/ delay, postpone profero to carry out, bring forth/ advance, impell/cite professio declaration, profession/ trade, art, craft professor authority, expert professorius authoritative proficio advance, assist, help, aid, be of use proficio to make progress, advance proficiscor to depart, set out, to start forward, to arise proficuus to start forward, set out, depart, arise profiteor to make a public statement / to declare oneself profor profari profatus to speak out profugus fleeing, fugitive, banished, migratory profundo frofui profusum to pour forth, gush, stream profundum a depth, abyss, chasm /the sea profundus deep, profound, high, thick, dense, boundless progener husband of a grand-daughter progenero to produce, engender progenies descent, lineage, progeny, offspring progenitor founder of a family, ancestor progigno progenui progenitum to engender, briing forth prognatus born, sprung from /son progredior to go forth, advance, proceed, go out progressio advance, progress, increase progressus advance, going forward, increase prohibeo to prevent, hinder, restrain, prohibit, forbid prohibitio prohibition, restrain, forbidding proicio to throw forth, fling, abandon proinde consequently, therefore, as a result proinde quasi just as if prolabor to slide forward, slip forward, fall forward prolapsio a slipping or sliding prolatio a bringing forward prolato to enlarge, lengthen, extend /put off, defer prolecto to entice, allure proles offspring, descendants, posterity proletarius a citizen of the lowest rank prolicio prolixi to lure forth, entice prolix long, stretching prolixus wide, broad, long / willing, obliging, favorable proloquor to speak out, declare openly proluo prolu prolutum to wash away, wash clean prolusio preliminary exercise, prelude proluvier innundation /scouring /discharge promereo to deserve, merit promeritum desserts, merit, credit prominens jutting out, standing out /a projection promineo to stand out, jut, extend promisce indiscrimately promiscus promiscuus mixed, indiscriminate /commonplace, usual promissio a promise promissor a promiser, suretor, guarantor promitto to let go, send forth, undertake, promise promitto to let go forward, send forth, promise promo prompsi promptum to produce, disclose, bring forth promontorium peak, mountain crest, ridge, promontory promoveo promovi promotum push forward, move ahead, advance prompte promptly, resolutely, readily promptu to have read, display, have on show promptu to be ready, to be easy, to be clear promptu to make clear, reveal, disclose promptus prepared, resolute, prompt promptus ready at hand, visible, apparent promulgatio publication, promulgation (of a law) promus steward, butler promutuus prepaid, arragned beforehand pronepos proneptos great-grandson pronuntio to proclaim, announce, declaim propago-are to spread, propagate prope near, nearly, not far from, just now, closely prope near, near to, not far, not long from now propello to drive before one, drive away propero to hasten / accelerate, speed up propero to hasten, speed, move rapidly, come quickly propinquo to come near, draw near, approach propinquus near, close, similar, nearly related propitius favorable, gracious propono display, publish, relate, tell, propose, promise propositum a design, purpose, scheme, theme of discourse proprie exclusively, particularly, peculiarly. properly proprius characteristic, particular proprius one's own, permanent, special, peculiar propter near, close, on account of, because of propugnaculum fortification, rampart, defense prorsus forward, straight ahead, to sum up, utterly prosequor (prosecutus) to attack, go with, pursue, attend prosper favorable, fortunate, lucky, prosperous prosperitas propserity, good fortune prospicio to look into the distance, contemplate prosterno to knock down, cast down /destroy, ruin prosum to be useful, do good, benefit prosum (profuturus) to be useful, of benefit, do good protestor; protesto to declare in public, affirm, bear witness prothonotario protonotary protinus forward, further on, continuously, immediately protraho (protractus) to draw out, rpotact, defer, make known prout as, just as, according to provectus aged, old, advanced in years provectus advanced, advanced in age proveho to carry on, carry forward, advance, promote proventus a growing up, increase, crop, yield, or issue provideo to foresee, provide, make provision for provisor one who provides for, or against provolvere se to throw oneself down, abase oneself proximus nearest, closest, next prudens prudent, wise prudenter wisely, discreetly prudentia foresight, wisdom, discretion Pruma Prums publicus of the people, public, open to all puchre beautifully, finely, handsomely pudendus shameful, disgraceful pudeo to be ashamed pudicus modest. chaste pudor modesty, bashfulness puella girl puer boy puerilis childish, boyish, folish, foolish pueriliter boyishly, childishly, foolishly puga pyga buttocks pugna fight, battle, conflict, set-to pugnacitas the desire to fight, pugnacity pugnaculum fortress pugnax fond of fighting, combative, stubborn pugno to fight pugnus the fist pulchellus pretty pulcher pulchra pulchrum beautiful, handsome, fine pulchritudo pulchritudinis beauty, fineness pulex the flea pullulo shoot up, sprout, burgeon pullus young animal /chicken, chick pullus dark-clorored, blackish /sad pulmentum anything eaten with bread, sauce or relish pulmo the lung pulpa flesh pulpitum platform, stage pulso to strike (the hours) pulsus beating, blow, push, impulse, influence pulvis dust, powder /arena, scene of action pumilius pumilio a dwarf punctum a prick, little hole, puncture /a point, spot pungo pupugi punctum to prick, puncture, stab /touch, move pungo pupugi punctum to penetrate /sting, annoy, harrass puniceus purple, red punio to punish, avenge, gave vengeance punitor punisher, avenger pupa doll /little girl pupillus pupilla orphan, ward puppis stern of a ship, the poop pupula pupil of the eye purgamentum rubbish, trash, filth, sweepings purgatio cleaning out, cleansing /excsuing, justification purgo to clean, cleanse, purify/ clear away purpura purple dye, purple cloth /high rank, emperorship purus pure, free from, spotless, without stain pusillus tiny, puny /petty, mean putator pruner puteo to stink, be redolent, smell bad puter rotten, decayed, putrid /loose putesco to putrefy, day, rot puteus well, pit puto to clear, settle up, consider, think, believe putus pure, unmixed, unadulterated pyropus bronze pyus pyxidis a little box, casket qua by which route, where quadraginta forty (Indecl.) quadratus square, a square quadrigae four-horse team quadrivium second stage of the medieval curriculum quadrivium crossroads, place where four roads meet quadrum a square quadruplator an exaggerator, informer quadruplor to be an informant quaero to seek, search for, get, obtain quaero quero to seek, search for / ask, enquire, search for quaero quero to miss, want / seek to know / obtain, get quaesitio quesitio investigation, interrogation quaeso queso to seek for, ask for quaestio questio seeking, searching /inquiry, investigation quaestuosus questuosus profitable, fond of gain, rich quaestus questus profit, a source of profit, gainiing, getting qualis of what kind? of the kind that qualiscumque of any kind whatever, any whatever qualislibet of what sort you will qualitas quality, property, nature qualiter just as, in whatever manner/way quam how, than, as ... as possible quam plures as many as possible quamdiu such a long time quamobrem for which reason, on which account, why quamobrem; quam ob rem wherefore? why? for which reason quamquam though, although quamquam nevertheless quamvis ever so much quamvis however much quando when quandoque of one time or another quandoquidem since, because quanti for how much, at what price quanto by how much (+ comp. adj. or adv.) quantocius quantotius the sooner the better quantocius quantotius as quickly as possible quantum regard to, as much as, the more, the greater quantum how much?, how much!, as much as quantum as much of ... as quantum in me est as much as in me lies quantus how great, as great as quantus how great?, how great!, how much, as great as quantus ... quantus as great as, as much as quantuslibet as much as you will, as great as you will quantuvis as great as you please, however great quapropter wherefore quare wherefore, why, because of which thing quartus fourth quarum their envy and jealousy quas the fates quasi as if, just as, just as if, as it were /a sort of quassatio a shaking quasso to shake violently, shake to pieces, break quatenus/quatinus since, as, in order that, that quatenus/quatinus how far, to what extent, where, seeing that quater four times /again and again quattuor four (indecl.) quemadmodum just as, lust like quemadmodum how, in what manner quendam a certain (one, thing, someone) queo to be able quercetum an oak grove, and oak forest quercus oak tree quereia querella complaint, complaining queribundus complaining, plaintive, whining querimonia complaint, a charge in court queritor to complain excessively, whine, gripe quernus oaken queror to complain, lament, bewail (dogs) whine querulus complaining, whining, lamenting questus complaint, lament qui quae que quod which, what, that quia because quianam why? quiane why? quibus the beards quibus his sons quibus the good fortune quicquid whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all quicum with whom, with which quicumque whatsoever, anthing that, all that quicumque any (one, thing, etc.) available quid how much? how many? quid ita why so? quidam quaedam quedam quidam a certain person or thing / a kind of quidem adv, certainly, at least, indeed quidem indeed, certainly, at least quidne why not? quies quietis quiet, rest quiesco to rest, sleep quiete quietly, calmly quietus resting, sleeping, undisturbed / neutral / quiet quilibet anyone, anything, whatever (or whomever) you like quin but come now, rather, indeed quin etiam why even, in fact, moreover quinam quaenam quenam quodnam which? what? quindeciens fifteen times quingenti five hundred quinquagesimus fiftieth, a fiftieth part quinque five quinquennis five years old quinquiplico to multiply by five quinymo quinimmo no, rather quippe certainly, to be sure, indeed, of course quiris a spear quiritatio a scream, cry, shriek quirito to scream, cry out quis who?, what?, which? quis anyone, anybody, anything quislibet anybody, whom you will, all, any quisnam; quidnam who, what quispiam anyone, anything / someone, something quisquam anyone, anything quisque each one, each person quisquiliae rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse quisquis whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all quo to which place, to what place, whither, where quod and, but, now quod because, whereas, the point that, the fact that quodammodo in a certain way, in a certain measure quomodo in what manner, how/ in whatever way, somehow quondam formerly, once, at one time, ertswhile quoniam since, whereas, because quoque also, too quorum dangers quot how many, as many (indecl.) quotiens often quotienscumque however often quovis to whatever place you will rabidus raging, crazy rabies madness, fury, frenzy rabiose savagely, furiously radicitus by the roots, utterly rapio rapui ratum to seize, snatch, carry away rare thinly, rarely, uncommonly rarus rare, uncommon /far apart /thin, scanty ratio system, manner, method, procedure, manner ratio reckoning, account /reason, judgment re vera in truth recedentia retreat, ebbing, disappearance / distant, far recedo retire, withdraw recedo to go back, retreat, retire, disappear recessus a going back, retreat /place of retreat recipio recepi receptum to go back, retire, recede, retreat recito to read aloud, recite recognosco to recognize, recollect, recall recolligo gather, regather, flock together recolo reflect upon, consider, recall recolo to cultivate, work again, resume, rehabilitate recolo to recall, reflect upon, rework, resume reconcilio to restore, repair / (of persons) unite recondo lay up, store, hoard recordatio recollection, memory, recall recordor to remember, think of, recollect, ponder over recro to recreate, restore, revive rector guider, leader, director, ruler, master rectum virtue, right rectus right, correct, proper, upright, natural, plain recuperatio recovery, recuperation recupero to regain, recoup, recover recuso to refuse, decline, reject, be unwilling recuso to refuse redarguo disprove, refute. with gen. prove guilty reddo to give back, restore, return /answer, translate reddo to repeat, recite, represent, imitate, pay up redemptio ransoming, redemption, buying back redemptor redeemer (Christ) redeo to fall back upon, be reduced to, be brought to redeo to go back, come back redeo to be reduced to, fall back upon redigo (redactum) to bring or reduce to a condition, lessen redimio to crown, bind around redimo to redeem, ransom, buy back /hire, buy, procure redintegro to repair, fix, restore reditus return /income, revenue /reward redivivus rennovated, reconstructed, rebuilt /recycled redono to give back, give up reduco to lead back, bring back, return redundantia overflowing, redundancy redundo to overflow, stream over, overflow, excess refectorium refectory, monastic mess hall refercio to stuff, cram refero to say back, reply, answer refero to put down refero to bring as expected, pay up, deliver refero to carry back, bring back, return refero to bring again, restore, repeat, echo, reproduce refero retuli relatum to bring back a message, refer refert retuli it makes a difference refertus stuffed, crammed reformo to form again, mould anew refugium refuge regalis of a king, royal, regal regina queen regius royal, regal regnum rule, authority, kingdom, realm rego rexi rectum to guide, direct, to rule regula rule / monastic rule relaxo to loosen, enlarge, relax, ease, lighten relego relegi relectum to read again, re-read relevo to lift again, lighten, alleviate, relieve relictus having inherited, been bequeathed relinquo to leave behind, bequeath/abandon, forsake reliquum remainder, what is left, leavings relucesco to become bright again reluctor to struggle against, resist remando to send back word remaneo to remain, stay, continue remaneo to remain behind, stay, continue rememdium cure, remedy, nostrum, medicine removeo to draw back, set aside, take away remuneror to repay, reward renovatio renewal, renovation, restoration renovo to revive, renew, restore, repair, repeat renuntio to declare, announce, report, give notice renuo to deny, refuse, reject reor to think, suppose, decide reparo to restore, renew, make good /buy, purchase repecto to comb back repello to drive back, repel rependo to ransom, pay back, requite repens sudden, unexpected, fresh, recent repente suddenly, unexpectedly repere to crawl reperio to get again, find, ascertain, dicover, invent reperio get again, find again / discover, invent repetitio repetition repeto to seek again, ask back repeto to return to, begin again, deduce, recall repleo to replenish, fill up, fill up again, fill repletus filled, full repo repsi reptum to creep, crawl repono to deposit, lay up, store / requite reprehendo to blame, reprove, refute, hold back, check reproba false reprobo reject, disaprove, condemn repuo to reject reputo to consider, judge requietum to rest requiro to ask for, look for, demand, desire, miss res publica commonwealth, state, republic, public business res rei thing, matter, busines, affair resarcio to repair, mend, patch reseco to cut back, cut short, diminish reservo keep back, hold back, reserve /keep, preserve resisto to resist, make a stand, oppose respergo to sprinkle, splash respicio to look back, provide for, respect respiratio respiration, exhalation respiro to breathe /breathe again /recover /decline respondeo respondi responsum to answer, reply, respond responsal deputy, representative responsiva a written reply, answering letter restio rope-maker restituo restore, put back, replace, reinstate, repair resumo (resumpsi; resumptum) to renew, repeat, resume resurrectio resurection, awakening, renewal retardo to impede, slow down, obstruct retendo to slacken, unbend, become flexible retineo to hold back, restrain, detain, keep, maintain retraho to draw back, pull back retribuo to give again, give as due reus defendant, accused, answerable, bound revenio to come back, return reverto to go back, return, revert revertor reverti reversus to return, come back revoco to call back, recover, refer, revoke revolvo to unroll a book, go over again, repeat rex regis king rhetor rhetorician, teacher of rhetoric rhetoricus rhetorical rideo risi risum to laugh at, laugh ridiculum ridiculous riginta thirty rigor stiffness, hardness, sterness ritus usage, ceremony, rite rogo to ask, ask for rogo eum ut +subjunctive to ask someone to do something rostrum bill of a bird, beak rota wheel Rotomagense Rouen rotundus wheel-shaped, round rubor redeness, blush, modesty, shame, disgrace rudimentum trial, attempt, essay rudis rude, raw, rough, uncultivated rudo to bellow, roar rufus red, ruddy ruga a wrinkle ruinosus falling down, going to ruin rumex sorrel rumino to chew the cud, ruminate rumor rumor, gossip rumpo to break, shatter, interrupt, annull, violate runa a dart runco to thin out, weed, cull ruo to rush, fall, be ruined rursus on the other hand, in return, back, again rus the country, countryside, rural area rustice boorishly, in a peasant manner rusticus rustic, rural /peasant ruta bitterness, unpleasantness, the herb rue rutila a spade, shovel rutilus red, golden, auburn sabbatum sabbath sacculus purse, little bag, little sack sacrificum sacrifice sacrilegus sacrilegious, impious saepe often, frequently, repeatedly saepe hedge, fence, enclosure, haye saepenumero repeated, again and again saepius sepius often, frequently, repeatedly saeta hair saeta equina horse-hair saevio to rage, be furious, take violent action sal salt, wit salsus salty, witty saltem at least, at all events saltem at least salus health, safety, well-being saluto to wish well, greet, visit, reverence salutor visitor, caller salveo to be well, be in good health salvus safe, sound sanctifico to sanctify, make holy sanctimonia purity, charity, virtue, sanctity, sacredness sanctimonialis nun, sister sanctus holy, sacred, saint Sanctus Egidius St. Gilles Sanctus Eleutherius St. Eligius Sanctus Rodoenus St. Ouen sane rationally, sensibly, really, indeed, to be sure sane rationally, soberly /really, indeed sanitas health, soundness of mend, sanity sano to heal Santiago st. james sanus sound, healthy, sane sapiens wise, judicious sapiens a wise man, philosopher sapienter wisely, judiciously sapientia wisdom sarcina bundle, pack, burden, load satago to pay a creditor, satisfy a creditor satago have one's hands full, have enough to do satio to satisfy, sate satis enough, sufficient /sufficiently sato to sow, plant satura satire saturo to fill, satisfy satus origin, start, beginning /planting, sowing scaber scabby, rough scabies the itch, mange, a rash scaccarium chessboard, game of chess Scaldus Scheldt scamnum bench, stool scaphium (sciphus pot, bowl, drinking vessel scapulare sword-belt scapulus the shoulder sceleratus to pollute with guilt scelestus wicked, accurse, infamous, criminal scelus sceleris crime, sin, evil deed, wickedness schola school /elite troop of soldiers scientia knowledge, science, skill scilicet rightly, it is just scilicet evidently, certainly, of course, no doubt scindo to cut, rend, split/divide, separate scio to know, understand scisco investigate, ask, inquire/ vote, ordain, resolve scribo; scripsi scriptum to write, compose scrinium bookcase, case for papers scriptor writer, author, scribe se astringo to commit oneself to se gero to conduct oneself, conduct, carry on se habere to keep oneself secedo to go apart, withdraw secerno secrevi secretum to separate seco to settle (as to settle an argument) seco to cut, hurt, wound, amputate, divide, part secundum following, after, during, according to secundum after, behind secundum accordingly, in an accordance with secundus second securis axe, hatchet, battle-axe securus safe, secure, free from care, unworried secus just so secus otherwise, not so secus wrongly, badly, not as one would wish secus + atque or quam differently from, otherwise than secuutus follower, pursuer sed but/ and indeed, what is more sedeo sedi sessum to sit seditio dissension, quarrel, insurrection, mutiny sedo to settle, smooth, calm, allay seductor seducer seges wheatfield, wheat crop, field of wheat semel a single time, for the first time, even once semen-inis seed, kin semper always, ever senectus old age, dotage senex senis old, aged, old man sensus feeling, sense sententia opinion, thought, way of thinking, meaning sentio to judge, suppose, vote sentio feel, perceive, experience, hold an opinion seorsum apart, separately sepelio to ruin, destroy, bury septem seven sepulchrum grave, tomb, sepulcher seputus buried, sunk, immersed sequax following, attending, pursuing sequor sequi secutus to follow, trail serio seriously serius serious, grave, solemn sermo discussion, talk, common talk, conversation sero to sow, plant. Also, late, at a late hour servio to be a slave to, serve servitus serviude, slavery servo to watch over, keep, protect, observe, save servus slave, serf sese himself, herself, itself sesqui one and a half times sessio sitting down, loitering, hanging around /chair severitas severity, rigor, sternness, strictness si if sibimet to them themselves sic so, thus /yes, that is so, that is right sicco to dry up, out siccus dry, thirsty/ sober, temperate sicut as, just as, as it were sidus constellation, star signum sign, seal, indication, sign/ mark /token silens silent, still silenti etc the dead silentium silence, stillness, quiet, repose, obscurity sileo to be still silex silicis (med. cilicis) hard stone, sharp, rock, flint siligo wheat, wheat flour silva woods, forest similis similar, like, resembling similis like, similar, resembling similitudo likeness, resemblance/ uniformity simplex simple, unaffected simul together simul at once, at the same time, together simul atque as soon as simulatio pretense sine without singularis alone singularis alone of its kind, solitary /machless, unique singulariter one by one, exceedingly, especialy singuli one each, one apiece, single, separate singultim stammeringly singultus sobbing, gasping, death rattle singulus single, separate, one at a time, one each sino allow, suffer, permit, let sinus curve, fold, bend /pocket, lap /bay siquidem since, indeed sis if you wish, are willing, want, prefer sitio to be thirsty sitis thirst, dryness, drought, eager desire sive on the one hand, but if, if...or if sive seu or if socer father in law socius partner, comrade, associate, ally, fellow socius sharing, associated, allied socius-i companion socus plowshare sodalitas fellowship, companionship, secret society sol solis sun soleo to be accustomed, be used to solitas lonliness, solitude, being alone solito to be accustomed, to have the habit of solitudo loneliness, solitude solitus accustomed, usual, habitual, ordinary, customary solium chair of state, throne / bath-tub sollers clever, skillful sollicite anxiously, worriedly sollicito to stir up, incite, arouse sollicitudo uneasiness, anxiety, disquiet, apprehension sollicitudo concern, anxiety, solicitude, worry sollicitus uneasy, worried, anxious, restless, agitated sollicitus troubled, anxious, concerned, worried solum alone, only solum land, country, soil, ground/ bottom, floor solus alone, only, the only solutio loosening /payment /solution /explanation solvo to loosen, untie, release, free, dissolve somniculose sleepily, drowsily somniculosus sleepy, drowsy somniculosus sleepy, drowsy somnio to dream /(+ acc.) to dream of somnio to dream /+ acc.to imagine foolishly somnium a dream, fancy /foolish nonesense somnium dream, fancy, day-dream /foolishness, nonsense somnus sleep sonitus noise, sound sophismata falso conclusions, logical fallacies sopor deep sleep sordeo to be dirty, appear vile sordes filth, meanness, stinginess sordesco to become dirty sortitus casting lots, deciding by lot spargo sparsi sparsum scatter, strew, spread spatior to stoll, walk around, take a walk, amble specialis secret specialissimus very strange, peculiar, individual specialitas special friendship /peculiarity speciosus beautiful, handsome spectaculum spectacle, show specto to look at, watch, see/aim at, tend towards speculum mirror specus cave, cavern, grotto, den spensa storehouse spera hopes sperno sprevi spretum to scorn, despise, spurn spero to hope for, hope spes hope spiculum sharp point, sting, spear, dart spiritus breath, breathing /life /spirit spoliatio plundering, looting, stripping, robbing spolio to strip, plunder, despoil, rob, loot spolium spoils, plunder, booty sponte willingly, of one's own accord, unaided St. Richarius St. Riquier stabilis firm, stable, steadfast stabilitas firmness, stability, durability Stabulaus Stavelot statim instantly, immediately statim firmly, steadfastly, on the spot, at once statua statue, image statuo to give a ruling, make an arrangment, decide statuo to hold, to establish statuo to cause to stand, establish, place, set up status stage stella star sterilis barren, useless, unproductive stilla a drop (of liquid) stillicidium dripping moisture, rainwater from the eaves stilus a pike, pale /a stylus for writing /writing stipatio a crowd of attendants, a following stipator an attendant of a nobleman stipatores following, retinue, attendants, bodguard stipes log, stump, tree trunk, branch, post, club stipo to compress /to press around stips small coin, gift sto to stand, stand still, stand firm stolide stupidly stolidus dull, obtuse, dull-witted, dumb strages massacre, bloodbath, carnage /debris strenuus brisk, active, vigorous/ turbulent, restive strues piles, heaps, masses studio to study, pursue eagerly, be eager for studiose eagerly studium eagerness, zeal stultus foolish /a fool suadeo to recommend, advise (a person) suasoria persuasive discourse sub under, up under, close to subcribo to write beneath, sign /prosecute subcriptio subscription, signature / register subdo to subject to subiecto to put down, to put under subito adv. suddenly, unexpectedly subitus sudden, unexpected subiungo to yoke beneath, join, attach, subdue, subjugate subjectio forgery, falsehood subjungo to join, yoke subligo to bind below, bind on sublime on high, aloft sublimis lofty, raised, elevated, sublime sublimitas loftiness, height, elevation, sublimity subluceo to gleam faintly, glimmer, glow subluo to wash beneath /(rivers) flow beneath sublustris faintly glimmering, faintly gleaming subnascor to grow out of subnecto to bind on beneath, to tie subnego faintly deny, partially refuse subnixus subnisus propped up, supported subnoto to mark beneath, notice secretly subnuba a rival subnubilus partly cloudy, somewhat cloudy subo to be in heat subobscenus risque, faintly obscene subobscurus somewhat obscure subodiosus rather unpleasant suboles shoot, sprout, offspring, progeny subolesco to grow up, mature suborior to arise in succession suborno to furnish, equip, provide /instigate secretly subrepo surrepo to creep up or crawl up from below subrideo subrisi subrisum to smile subrigo; subrexi subrectum to raise up, elevate subringor to make a face subruo subruti subrutum to undermine, overhtrow, destroy subseco to cut away, pare subsentio to notice secretly subsequens ensuing, following subsequor to follow after subservio to be subject to, comply with subsidarius in reserve subsidium reserve troops, auxiliary troops /support, help subsido to crouch down, settle, sink subsilio toleap up, spring up subsisto to stand, withstand /stop, halt, cease /stay substantia substance, essence, means of subsistence substerno to spread out beneath, lay under, set out substo to stand form substrictus narrow, contracted, small substringo to draw together, bind up substructio base, foundation substruo to build beneath, lay a foundation subsulto to spring up, leap up subsum subesse to be near, close at hand, be under, be subject subter supter below, beneath, underneath subterfugio to escape subterlabor to glide away, flow under, slip away, escape subvenio to come up to aid, relieve subvenio to come to the aid, succor, relieve, help subvertio to destroy, overthrow succedo to approach, submit, etc. etc succendo to kindle, set afire from below successio succeeding, succession, descent, descendant succurro to run up under /aid, assist, help sufficio to be sufficient, suffice, be enough suffoco to strangle, choke, suffocate suffragium vote, franchise /approval support, aid suggero to bring up, supply, provide, add sui himself, herself, itself sulum each, every sum fui futurus to be, exist summa the highest part /whole, sum summisse humbly, softly, calmly, modestly summissus (from summitto) let down, lowered, gentle, mild summitto to condescend, submit /raise, rear summitto to send as help /to send secretly summitto to let down, lower /subject, subordinate summopere very much, exceedingly sumo to take, choose, obtain, buy./ take for granted sumptus expense, cost supellex supellectilis furniture, apparatus, gear super over, above /concerning, about super over, above, besides, beyond, moreover superabundo-avi to be very abundant superbia pride, arrogance superbus overbearing, arrogant, haughty, proud superficies surface, top superfluo flow over, overflow, be superfluous superna northeast by north wind superne from above, above supernus above, superior supero to be above, have the upper hand, surpass superstes survivor of another's death supersum to be superfluous, to remain supervacuus superfluous, unnecessary supervenio to arrive, come up, arrive unexpectedly suppellex suppellectilus household articles, furniture, goods suppellex suppellectilus ornaments supplanto to trip up supplex kneeling, entreating, suppliant supplicium punishment suppono subpono to put in place of, substitute, forge suppono subpono to put under, subject /put next to, add supra above surculus shoot, sprout surgo surrexi surrectum to get up, arise sursum upwards sursum deorsum up and down suscipio to raise up, maintain, support, accept, receive suscipio take up, support, raise /accept /undertake, begin suscitatio rekindling, awakening suscito to stir up, arouse, excite suscriptor the signer of a document susicivus left over, to spare, extra, superfluous suspectus suspected suspendo suspendi suspensum to suspend, hang suspicio to look upward at, esteem, respect /to suspect suspiro to sigh, draw a deep breath /long for sustento to maintain, sustain sustineo to hold up, sustain, endure sustituo to put next, put under, put in place of suus sua suum his, her, its, their own synagoga synagogue tabella writing tablet tabellae letter, document tabernus booth, hut, cottage, hove, small shop, inn tabesco to melt, waste away, pine, be spoiled tabgo tetigi tactum to touch tabula board, plank, gaming board, painted panel taceo to be silent, say nothing, pass over taceo tacuitacitum to be silent, leave unmentioned tactus sense of feeling, touch taedium; tedium disgust, weariness, boredom talarius having to do with dice or dice-playing talea rod, stick, stake, bar /cutting, slip talio; -onis retribution talis of such a kind, such talus the ankle, ankle bone tam adv, so, to such a degree tam to such a degree, so, so far tam ... quam as ... as possible tamdiu for such a long time tamen however, but tamen nothwithstanding, nevertheless, yet, still tametsi even if, although tamquam tanquam as, just as, like as, just as if tandem at last, finally tango-tetigi-tactum to touch, touch upon, to speak of tanquam adv, just as, as if, like as tantillus so little, so small tantum only tantummodo only just, just so long as tantundem adv, just so much, just as far as tantus so large, so great, of such a size tardus slow, late, tardy Taruennam Therouanne tego texi tectum to cover, bury, conceal, hide, protect, shield tela a web, that which is woven, cloth, tissue telum javelin, spear, arrow, bolt, dart temerarus rash, imprudent, heedless temeritas rashness, temerity temperantia moderation, self-control, temprance tempero be moderate, control oneself tempero to mix properly, temper, regulate, mitigate tempero o control, use with moderation, spare tempero to keep from, refrain from tempestas storm, weather templum sacred precinct, temple temporalis-e transitory temptatio trial, temptation tempus temporis time, stage, epoch, era tenax grasping, stingy, cligning, frugal, obstinate tendo to direct, try, attempt, stretch, extend, present teneo to hold, keep, possess, maintain teneo to keep on, persist, persevere, endure teneo to grasp, know, understand tener tenera tenerum tender, delicate, soft, young tentatio-onis trial, attack, duration, temptation, judgement tenuis thin, slight, feeble, slim, slender tenura holding, tenure, feudal holding tenus as far as, up to, to, down to tepesco to cool, grow lukewarm, decrease tepidus warm, luke-warm, tepid ter three times, thrice terebro to bore through, perforate teres rounded, polished, smooth, fine, elegant terga dare to flee, retreat, run awar tergeo tergo tersi tersum to wipe, scour, clean tergiversatio backwardness, reulctance, evasion tergo (a tergo ) in the rear, fom behind tergum skin, hide tergum back, rear tergus the back /skin, hide, leather termes a tree branch (especially olive) terminatio termination, determination termino restrict, define, close, set a limit to terminus a boundary mark, limit, end, border tero trivi tritum to rub, wear out terra earth, ground, land, country, soil terrenus-a-um earthly, temporal terreo to frighten, terrify, scare away, deter territo to fighten, terrify, intimidate territo to scare, frighten, intimidate terror friight, fear, terror tersus clean, neat, correct tertius third testimonium proof, evidence, witness, indication testis one who gives evidence, witness texo to weave, twine together, plait, construct texo the main verb for weaving of cloth textilis woven fabric, piece of cloth textor textrix weaver textus woven cloth, web thalassinus sea-green theatrum theater theca case, envelope, covering thema subject, topic, theme thema thematis theme theologus theologian thermae warm springs, warm baths thesaurus treasure, horde /store-room, treasury thesis proposition, thesis thorax breastplate thymbra the herb savory thymum the herb thyme timeo to fear, be afraid, dread timidus fearful, timid timor fear, dread, object causing fear titulus label, title, placard to distraho to break up, dissolve tolero to tolerate, bear, endure, sustain tollo sustuli sublatum to lift up, raise, elevate, carry away tonsor barber Tornacense Tournai torpeo to be sluggish, inert, numb, inactive, immoveable torqueo to twist, curl, rack, torture, torment, distort tot so many tot so many totidem just as many toties; totiens so many times, so often toto all togther, completely towards totus whole, entire, complete, all traba a beam of wood, a timber /tree-trunk, ship tractare to handle, manage, perform tracto to drag, handle /treat, discuss, deal with tractus course, progress, movement /space, time tractus a dragging, drawing, pulling /territory, tract trado surrender /hand over /transmit, teach traho to drag, pull /derive, get Traiectensium Utrecht Traiectum Maastricht trans across transeo to go over, pass over, cross over, go past transfero transtuli translatum carry across, transfer, convey transitus crossing, passing over, transit /changing transmitto to send, carry, or convey across transporto send, carry, or convey across tredecim thirteen tremo to tremble, shake, shudder trepide with trepidation, in confusion tres tria three Treverim Triers tribuo to give out, divide, allot, assign, grant, give tricesimus lasting three days triduana lasting three days triduanus three days' duration, lasting three days triduum a period of three days trilustralis lasting for fifteen years tripudio to leap, jump tripudium joy, rejoicing tristifico to make sad, cause sadness, sadden tristis sad, mournful, sowerful triticeus sown in wheat tritico thresh triticus wheat triumphus triumphal procession, triumph trucido to kill cruelly, slay, butcher, massacre truculenter wildly, savagely, fiercely, cruelly trunco maim, mutilate, mangle /imperfect, not whole tu you tubineus cone shaped tum at that time, then /thereupon, in the next place tumbarius keeper of a tomb tumbus tomb tumeo to puff up, swell /to be pompous tumesco to swell up with anger /swell, swell up tumulo to bury, inter tumulosus hilly tumultus uprising, disturbance, riot, tumult tumulus mound, grave, heap of earth tunc then, at that time, next, and then Tungris Tongres turba uproar, disturbance /mob, crowd, multitude turbatio disturbance, confusion turbatus angered, exasperated/ disturbed, restless turbo to disturb, upset, throw into disorder, confuse turbo; onis hurricane. tornado, that which spins turpe a disgrace turpis foul, ugly, disgraceful, morally corrupt tussio to cough tussis a cough tutamen defense, protection tutela protection, guard, charge /guardianship tutis protected, safe, secure tyrannus tyrant, absolute ruler ualeo to be able to, to succeed in (doing something) uber productive, fertile, abundant, rich uberrime most luxuriantly, most abundantly ubertas bounty, plenty, abundance uberte abundantly ubi when, as soon as / wherein, whereby, whereas ueraciter more veracious, more truly ueratius more true ulciscor to take vengeance for ullus any ulterius farther, more advanced, more remote ultio ultionis avenging, punishment, revenge ultra farther (than), more (than) ultra beyond, on the far side of ultrix avenging umbra shade, shadow umerus humerus shoulder, upper arm umquam ever, at any time una in one, together uncia a twelfth, an ounce unciatim little by little unde whence, from where /how, from whom undique from all sides, everywhere, on all sides undisonus resounding, loud with waves undo to surge, wave, undulate /to flood unguentum salve, balm, ointment universe generally, in general universi all together universitas the whole, total, universe, world /university universum universe, the world universus combined in one, whole, entire unus one, only one, at the same time/ single, alone upilio opilio shepher urbanus urban, urbane, pertaining to the city urbs urbis city uredo blight of plants uredo a plant blight urino to dive urinor a diver usitas customary, usual usque all the way, up (to), even (to) usquequaque always ustilo ustulo to burn, scorch usura using, enjoying usurpo to take for oneself, use, employ, enjoy /perceive usurpo to obtain, acquire, get possession of usus use, experience, skill, advantage, profit ut when, as uter either of the two utercumque whichever of the two uterlibet whichever of the two you wish uterque both, each side, each party uterus womb, belly, lower stomach Uticensium Evroul utilis useful, advantageous, helpful utilitas utility, usefulness utique at any rate, certainly, at least utor uti usus to use, employ, possess, enjoy/ associate with utpote seeing that, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, since utrimque from both sides, on both sides utroque to both sides uxor wife, spouse vaco to be free from work, of a master, of property vacuus empty, devoid of, free from vado go, hasten, rush vae woe, alas, woe to valde intensely, very much, extremely, greatly valde strongly, powerfully /very, exceedingly valde great, exceedingly valens stong, powerful, healthy /able, worthwhile valeo to be strong, have power, be well valetudo health. good health, bad health validus strong, robust, able validus strong, mighty, powerful, exceeding vallum palisade, earthen wall, entrenchment, rampart vapulus flogged, beaten, knocked about varietas variety, differences, diversity varius various, varied vastatio devastation, ravaging vegetus lively, fresh, vigorous vegrandis diminutive, small, tiny vehemens violent, furious, impetuous vehementer violently, forcefully, strongly, exceedingly vehiculum conveyance, vehicle veho to sail, ride, drive, etc veho vexi vectum to carry, convey vel vel ... vel either ... or vel or, even, actually, for example velamen covering, garment veles light-armed troops velico to pluck, twitch /criticize, taunt velitatio skirmish, bickering, dispute, wrangling velius hide, fleece, skin vello to pull, pluck out velociter quickly, rapidly, swiftly velox quick, rapid, swift, fast velum sail, covering, awning, curtain velut just as, like, even as vena vein /stream /vein of ore /streak venalia venial sins /supplies venalicium market venalis to be sold, up for sale /a slave venaliter by bribery, corruption venatio hunting, game, the chase venator hunter, huntsman venditio sale /closing of a bargain vendo to sell, offer for sale, advertise /betray Vendolius Vendeuil veneficus poisonous, magical /witch, wizard venenifer poisonous venenum drug, poison, potion veneratio respect, reverence, honor, veneration venia grace, indulgence, favor, pardon, forgiveness venio to get into a certain state, to fall into venio to come /happen, come about, come to pass /arise veno for sale venor to hunt ventagium winnowing venter the stomach, belly, abdomen ventilo to fan /to wave something ventio a coming ventito to come often, to visit frequently ventorium winnowing fan ventosus full of wind, windy, breezy ventulus breeze, soft wind ventus wind, rumor, favor venum for sale venustas loveliness, charm, attractiveness, beauty vepres thorn-bush, briar ver spring, the production of spring verbera blows, a beating, thrashing verberantia a flogging verbum word vercundus bashful, modest vere in fact, real, true vere truly, really, actually, rightly verecundia feeling of shame, shame, bashfulness vereor to respect, fear, be in dread of, to be afraid vergo to bend, incline, verge, to draw to an end veritas truth Vernandense Vermandois vero in truth, indeed, to be sure /however versus line, verse verto to turn, turn around, turn up / to put to flight verto to flee/ interpret, understand/ upset, overthrow verum-i truth, truly, in fact verumtamen verumptamen notwithstanding, nevertheless verus true, real, proper, right vesco; vescor to feed, to eat vesica bladder, bladder-like tumor vesper evening star, evening vespera eening prayer, vespers vespillo undertaker vester vestra vestrum your, yours vestigium footstep, trace, mark vestio vestivi vestitum to clothe vestis clothing, garment, covering, blanket, carpet vetus old vexamen shake-up, upheaval vexillum flag, banner, standard /troop, company vexo to vex, annoy, irritate /shake, toss via road, way, street viaticus pertaining to a journey, a journey /money viator traveller /messenger vicinus neighbor/ (med.) resident vicissitudo change, alteration victor victor, winner victoria victory victualia supplies, foodstuffs, provisions victus living, manner of life / nourishment, food videlicet it is clear/ (adv.) clearly, plainly, namely videlicet of course, to be sure video vidi visum to see, observe, understand, comprehend videor to be seen, seem, appear viduata deprived, widowed, bereft viduatus widowhood viduo to deprive vieo to weave together, stitch, plait vietus shriveled, withered, shrunken vigilo to be awake, watch, be vigilant /to keep vigil vigor vigor, liveliness vilicus; villicus pertaining to an estate, overseer, steward vilis cheap, worth little vilitas cheapness, low-price, worthlessness villa country house, country estate /(med.) manor vinco vici victum conquer, overcome, master, win, surpass, excel vinculum bond, fetter, tie vindico to avenge, punish, liberate, deliver, protect vindico to liberate, deliver/ punish, avenge/ claim vindico (vindicatum) claim, arrogate, assume, appropriate vinea vineyard vinitor vine-dresser (a man who prunes grape vines) vinum wine vir man, hero, man of courage virga a green twig, rod, stick, wand, broom, streak virgo maiden, virgin, young girl viridis green viriliter manfully virtus manliness, excellence, character, worth, courage vis violence /a large number, quantity vis vires (pl.) force, power, strength, might, influence viscus flesh, internal organs, bowels, entrails, heart visio likeness, face, visage vita life, way of life vitiosus vicious, full of vice, corrupt vitium fault, vice, crime vito to avoid, shun vitualis-e manliness, virtures vituperium insult viva vox an oral statement vivificus live-giving, life-restoring vivo vixi victum to live, be alive vix scarcely, hardly, with difficulty, barely vociferor to cry aloud, shout voco to call, summon, name invite voco in dubium to call into question volaticus winged, flying /inconstant, unreliable/ flighty volatilis wuged, flying /swift, rapid /fleeting volens willing, favorable volito to rush back and forth, flutter volo to fly, speed, move rapidly volo to wish, want, will, ordain, suppose volo (sibi velle) to mean, signify, denote volubilis rapid, fluent, voluble volubilis rolling, revolving, turning around /changeable volubiliter fluently voluntarius voluntary voluntas wish, will, inclination / good will voluntas last will, testament / meaning, sense volup agreeably, pleasantly voluptarius pleasant, one devoted to pleasure voluptas pleasure voluptuosus delightful, pleasurable volutabrum pigsty, slough volva womb (particularly that of a sow) vomer plowshare vomica ulcer, sore, boil /plague, curse vomito to vomit, vomit forth, throw up vorago chasm, pit, abyss vorax gluttonous, voracious voro to eat greedily, swallow up, consume votum prayer, wish, desire /vow, promise to God voveo vovi votum to promise to God, vow, pray for vox vocis voice, word /(med.) power, right, authority vulgaris common, ordinary, usual vulgariter in the common way, ordinary manner vulgivagus wandering, vagrant, intinerant vulgo to spread, publish, impart, make accessible vulgus the common people, mob, rabble vulnero to wound, injure, hurt, harm vulnus wound vulpes volpes fox vulticulus look, aspect, appearance vultuosus grimacing, affected vultus the face vultus expression of the face, countenance, look xiphias sword-fish ymber rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain ymo (immo) on the contrary, by no means/ by all means